正当防卫法理基础的个人主义重述

Restating the Jurisprudential Foundation of Justified Defense from an Individualistic Perspective

正当防卫的法理基础无需诉诸超个人主义元素,但个人主义既有学说存在难以契合实定法的局限,以个人主义进路阐释正当防卫的困局有赖于方法论的转变。纵向上,援引民法学领域结构分化的利益衡量论,以公民基本权利为核心的法治国基础利益经由正当防卫制度利益约束当事人利益;横向上,在主体间性视阈下,秉持理性存在者相互承认的权利观,正当防卫的法理基础在于对公民间法权关系的肯认。据此,触发防卫权的不法侵害以公民间法权关系受损为核心,作为防卫对象的不法侵害人仅以自由意志支配为必要而不以罪责为条件,防卫权存续时段以法权关系受损且具有即时修复可能性为限。上述观点基本可以解释当前的刑法理论并与实定法契合,在我国正当防卫司法实践中是较为妥当的方案。

The jurisprudential foundation of justified defense does not require to resort to the hype individualistic elements.However,the existing individualistic theory has defects as it is difficult to reconcile with the positive law.The dilemma of interpreting justified defense through individualistic approach relies on a shift in methodology.In the vertical aspect,the theory of interest measurement and structural differentiation from civil law shall be applied,in which the fundamental rights of citizens are the core of the basic interests of the rule of law,and the interests of the parties are restrained by the interests of the self-defense system;in the transversal aspect,in the inter-subjective perspective,the mutual recognition of rational beings’rights shall be upheld,and the jurisprudential foundation of justified defense is thus based on the confirmation of legal rights relations among citizens.Accordingly,the defense right is triggered by the wrongful offense to the legal relationship between citizens.The offense as the defended object only requires the domination of free will and does not have to bear the guilt responsibility.The existing period of defense right depends on the damaged legal relationship and the possibility of immediate repair.Aforementioned views can basically reconcile with the current criminal law theory and the positive law,which can thus serve as an appropriate approach in Chinese judicial practice of justified defense.