国际体育仲裁院球员体育正当理由终止合同争议的裁判法理

Adjudicative Jurisprudence of Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)in Dispute over Termination for Just Cause of Soccer Players

职业球员可以基于体育正当理由终止合同而不受到体育处罚是国际足球转会规则的特殊规定。运用案例分析法、比较分析法、逻辑分析法和归纳法,分析体育正当理由规则的本质,研究国际体育仲裁院(CAS)球员体育正当理由终止合同争议判例。研究认为,体育正当理由是国际足联为保护球员积极工作的权利而制定的规则;在处理此类争议时,CAS审查构成体育正当理由的要件包括成熟的职业球员、低于10%的出场率、赛季后15天内终止合同的期限及球员的个人情况,其中前三项要件必须累积满足并事先发出警告,才构成体育正当理由;CAS审查遵循保护球员人格权和维护合同稳定的原则。我国职业足球应保护球员积极参加比赛的权利和维护合同稳定,并通过严格的仲裁审查和扩大审查范围来促进保护球员积极参加比赛的权利和维护合同稳定之间的平衡。

That the professional players can terminate their contracts based on sports justification without sports punishment is a special provision of international soccer transfer rules.With the research methods of case study,comparative analysis,logical analysis and induction,the paper analyzes the nature of the rule of sports justification and the Court of Arbitration for Sport(CAS)dispute jurisprudence on termination of contract on the basis of sports justification in soccer.The study concludes that sports just cause is a rule formulated by FIFA to protect the players’right to work actively;when dealing with such disputes,CAS examines the elements constituting sports just cause,including mature professional players,less than 10%of the playing rate,the termination period of 15 days after the season and the players’personal situation,of which the first three elements must be cumulatively satisfied and prior warning must be issued before constituting a sports just cause;CAS review follows the principles of protecting players’personality rights and maintaining contractual stability.Professional soccer in China should protect the players’right to actively participate in the game and maintain contractual stability,and promote the balance between protecting the players’right to actively participate in the game and maintaining contractual stability through strict arbitration review and expanding the scope of review.