“诸病通用药”的体例构建及辨治模式探析

Analysis of the System Construction and Differentiation and Treatment Model of"Common Medicines for Various Diseases"

《本草经集注》序录中的“诸病通用药”以其独特的“病-药”纲目体例及其临床实用性,受到医家追捧推崇,而被后世本草学著作和方书收录及发挥,为“专病专方”“专病专药”的研究与发展奠定了基础。陶弘景以《神农本草经》之“大病之主”为基础框架,以《伤寒杂病论》之方药为参考,以自身及他医用药经验为扩充创建了“诸病通用药”体例,将当时具有代表性的病症与药物主治之长进行联系、归纳和总结,创建了“病-药”纲目体例。“诸病通用药”体例的构建开辟了“专病专方”“专病专药”的先河,为临床辨治提供新的组方思路。

The"common medicines for various diseases"in the preface of Collective Commentaries on the Classic of Materia Medica has been highly praised by medical practitioners for its unique"disease-medicine"outline and clinical practicality,and has continued to be included and developed in later works on materia medica and prescriptions,laying the foundation for the research and development of"specialized prescriptions for specialized diseases"and"specialized medicines for specialized diseases".Tao Hongjing used"the root of major diseases"in Shen Nong's Classic of the Materia Medica as the basic framework,referred to the prescriptions and medicines in Treatise on Cold Damage and Miscellaneous Diseases,and expanded his own and other medical experience to create the"common medicines for various diseases"system,relating and summarizing the representative diseases and main therapeutic effects of medicines,and creating a"disease-medicine"outline system.The construction of the"common medicines for various diseases"system has opened up the precedent of"specialized prescriptions for specialized diseases"and"specialized medicines for specialized diseases",providing new prescription ideas for clinical differentiation and treatment.