黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍调控巨噬细胞极化对结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移影响

Study on the Effect of Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou Combination on Proliferation and Migration of Colorectal Cancer Cells by Regulating Macrophage Polarization

目的探讨黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍对巨噬细胞极化的影响及其抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移的作用机制。方法使用佛波酯(Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,PMA)和白细胞介素-4(Interleukin-4,IL-4)刺激THP-1细胞建立M2型巨噬细胞极化模型。实验分为M0组(PMA处理)、M2组(PMA+IL-4处理)、M2+黄芪-莪术-重楼组(PMA+IL-4+黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍处理)。CCK-8检测黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍冻干粉对巨噬细胞活力影响;qPCR和Western blot检测巨噬细胞极化标志物、谷氨酰胺酶(Glutaminase,GLS)mRNA和蛋白表达;ELISA检测细胞上清白细胞介素-10(Interleukin-10,IL-10)、转化生长因子-β(Transforming growth factor-β,TGF-β)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(Tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)含量;CCK-8和Transwell实验检测黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍干预巨噬细胞的培养上清,即条件培养基(Conditioned medium,CM),对结直肠癌细胞HCT116增殖和迁移能力影响。结果与M0组相比,M2组IL-10、甘露糖受体(Mannose receptor,CD206)、精氨酸酶1(Arginase 1,ARG1)、GLS mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.001),巨噬细胞分泌IL-10、TGF-β水平显著升高(P<0.01,P<0.001);与M2组相比,M2+黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍组IL-10、CD206、ARG1、GLS mRNA和蛋白表达显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),TNF-α、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(Inducible nitric oxide synthase,iNOS)mRNA和蛋白表达显著升高(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),白细胞介素-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)mRNA表达水平显著升高(P<0.01),细胞上清中IL-10、TGF-β水平显著降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),TNF-α水平显著升高(P<0.01)。CCK-8和Transwell结果显示,与M0-CM组相比,M2-CM组促进HCT116细胞增殖和迁移(P<0.01,P<0.001),M2+黄芪-莪术-重楼-CM组较M2-CM组显著抑制HCT116细胞增殖并使细胞迁移数显著减少(P<0.01,P<0.001)。结论黄芪-莪术-重楼配伍可通过调控巨噬细胞极化,抑制结直肠癌细胞增殖、迁移,其机制可能与谷氨酰胺代谢关键酶GLS表达变化有关。

OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination on macrophage polarization and its mechanism of inhibiting colorectal cancer(CRC)cells proliferation and migration.METHODS THP-1 cells were stimulated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate(PMA)and interleukin-4(IL-4)to establish M2 macrophage polarization model.The experiment was divided into M0 group(PMA treatment),M2 group(PMA+IL-4 treatment),and M2+Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination group(PMA+IL-4+Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination treatment).The effect of Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination freeze-dried powder on the viability of macrophage was detected by CCK-8 method.The expression of macrophage polarization markers,glutaminase(GLS)mRNA and protein was detected by qPCR and Western blot.The levels of interleukin-10(IL-10),transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β)and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in cell supernatant were detected by ELISA.CCK-8 method and Transwell assays were used to detect the proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells intervened by the supernatant of macrophage culture treated with Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination,namely conditioned medium(CM).RESULTS Compared with the M0 group,the expression levels of IL-10,mannose receptor(CD206),arginase 1(ARG1),and GLS mRNA and protein in the M2 group were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001),the levels of IL-10 and TGF-βsecreted by macrophages were significantly increased(P<0.01,P<0.001);compared with the M2 group,the M2+Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination group had significantly reduced IL-10,CD206,ARG1,and GLS mRNA and protein expression(P<0.05,P<0.01),the mRNA and protein levels of TNF-αand inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS)were significantly increased(P<0.05,P<0.01,P<0.001),the interleukin-1β(Interleukin-1β,IL-1β)mRNA expression significantly increased(P<0.01),and the contents of IL-10 and TGF-βin the cell supernatant significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),while TNF-αcontent significantly increased(P<0.01).CCK-8 and Transwell results showed that compared with the M0-CM group,the M2-CM promoted the proliferation and migration of HCT116 cells(P<0.01,P<0.001),the M2+Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou-CM group significantly inhibited HCT116 cell proliferation and reduced cell migration compared to the M2-CM group(P<0.01,P<0.001).CONCLUSION Huangqi-Ezhu-Chonglou combination can inhibit colorectal cancer cells proliferation and migration by regulating macrophage polarization,and its mechanism may be related to the changes in the expression of GLS,a key enzyme in glutamine metabolism.