影响科普成效的知识与非知识因素:基于我国两个核科普活动的分析

Knowledge and Non-knowledge Factors Affecting the Effectiveness of Popular Science:Analysis Based on Two Nuclear Science Popularization Activities in China

日本福岛核事故后,我国核科普领域里的“魅力之光”赛事和八七开放日等品牌科普活动陆续创立和发展起来。这两个品牌活动独立发展,各有侧重,走出了核科普中的知识科普和关系培育两条技术路线,开创了我国核科普新局面。知识科普的技术路线基于理性人的假设,认为人们知识的多寡会影响对于核技术的社会接纳度。而关系培育的技术路线则是基于有限理性的假设,更侧重顺应人的非理性和情感特征,通过培育社会信任等良好语境,从而改善知识科普的成效。文章提出在新媒体环境里要高度重视普通人主导的涉核常民知识生产作为一种核能公众沟通实践,通过统合知识与非知识因素,积极地参与到涉核常民知识生产中去,从而创新涉核科普工作的组织方式和过程。

After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan,the“Charming Light”competition and the“August 7th Open Day”and other science popularization activities in the field of nuclear science popularization in China have been established and developed.These two brand activities develop independently,with different focuses,which have come out of the two technical routes of knowledge popularization and relationship cultivation in nuclear science popularization,and have created a new situation of nuclear science popularization in China.The technical route of knowledge popularization is based on the hypothesis of rational people,which believes that the amount of people's knowledge will affect the social acceptance of nuclear technology.While the technical route of relationship cultivation is based on the hypothesis of limited rationality,which focuses more on adapting to people's irrational and emotional characteristics,and improves the effectiveness of knowledge popularization by cultivating a good context such as social trust.The article proposes that in the new media environment,we should attach great importance to the nuclear-related knowledge production of ordinary people as a kind of public communication practice led by ordinary people.Through the integration of knowledge and non-knowledge elements,we should actively participate in the nuclear-related knowledge production of ordinary people,thus innovate the organizational methods and processes of nuclear science popularization.