微塑料污染现状及检测方法研究进展

Research on Microplastics Pollution andDevelopment of Its Detection Methods

微塑料分布广泛、粒径小,可以作为各种毒素的载体出现在环境中,危害人类健康和诱导生物多样性丧失,受到了公众的普遍重视。因此,寻找准确、高效的微塑料污染检测分析方法对环保领域意义深远。文章重点综述了微塑料在大气、水体环境、土壤、沉积物、生物体中的污染状况以及自然环境中微塑料的萃取、净化、鉴别和定量分析技术,并阐述了近年来目视法、拉曼光谱法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和热解气相色谱/质谱法在微塑料检测中的应用,为微塑料的检测与监管提供宝贵资料,为未来微塑料去除研究提供科学依据。

Microplastics are widely distributed and have small particle sizes,which can appear in the environment as carriers of various toxins and harm human health and induce biodiversity loss,attracting wide attention from the public.Therefore,finding an accurate and efficient microplastic pollution detection and analysis method is of great significance.This paper mainly reviews the pollution status of microplastics in the atmosphere,water environment,soil,sediment,and organisms,as well as the extraction,purification,identification and quantitative analysis techniques of microplastics in the environment.It introduces the application of visual method,Raman spectroscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and pyrolysis gas chromatography/mass spectrometry in the detection of microplastics in recent years,which provides valuable information regarding the detection and supervision of microplastics.The results provides a scientific basis for the removal of microplasticsin the future.