我国疾病预防控制体系建设历程中的政策工具变迁分析

Research of the Changes in Policy Tools during the Construction of Disease Prevention and Control system in China

目的了解我国疾病预防控制体系的发展历程与重要转变,分析现状中存在的不足,进而有针对性地提出合理化建议与对策。方法基于政策工具理论构建政策工具分析模型,对各类政策的影响因素、成果及不足进行分析。结果在我国疾病预防控制体系发展的各个阶段,强制性政策工具占绝对优势,占56.2%;其次为混合性政策工具,占38.8%;而自愿性政策工具的运用存在不足,仅占5.0%。在政策工具使用趋势上,三类政策工具的运用均有所增加,但自愿性工具增速缓慢。结论我国疾病预防控制体系建设注重疾病防控与社会经济发展双措并举,但存在政策工具使用倾斜、组合运用不足等问题,需要在实践中优化政策工具的重构与组合,兼顾地方政府能力,推动疾病预防控制体系建设效果最优化。

Objective To understand the development process and important changes of disease prevention and control system in China, find out the defects in the current situation, and finally put forward reasonable suggestions and countermeasures. Methods Based on the theory of policy tools, the analysis model of policy tools is constructed, and the influencing factors, achievements and shortcomings of various policies were analyzed. Results In each stage of the development of China's disease control system, mandatory policy tools dominated the absolute, accounting for 56.2%;followed by the mixed policy tools, accounting for 38.8%;the use of voluntary policy tools was inadequate, accounting for only 5.0%. In terms of the trend of the use of policy tools, the use of each type of policy tools had increased, but the growth rate of voluntary tools was slow. Conclusion The construction of China's disease control system focuses on both epidemic prevention and control and socio-economic development, but there is a tendency in the use of policy tools, and the lack of combination. It is necessary to optimize the reconstruction and combination of policy tools in practice, and take into account the capacity of local governments to promote the optimization of the effect of disease control system construction.