黑龙江省40岁及以上常住居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病患病情况及致病危险因素分析

Prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease of residents aged 40 years and above in Heilongjiang Province and analysis of the risk factors of COPD

目的分析黑龙江省≥40岁常住居民慢性阻塞性肺疾病(以下简称慢阻肺)患病情况及致病危险因素。方法2019年7-12月,在黑龙江省6个国家疾病监测点对3295名40岁及以上常住居民进行问卷调查。经加权调整后,采用不同的危险因素分层描述慢阻肺患病率的差异,采用二元logistic回归分析慢阻肺患病情况及与各危险因素之间的关系。结果黑龙江省≥40岁常住居民慢阻肺患病率为9.83%。在城乡、性别、职业暴露等分层上,居民患病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与不吸烟者相比,现在吸烟和曾经吸烟居民的患病风险增加;与文化程度为小学学历的居民相比,初中、高中、大专及以上学历的居民患病风险降低;与体重正常的居民相比,肥胖居民的患病风险降低。结论男性、高龄、农村居民如果同时伴有其他危险因素,其慢阻肺患病风险大大增加。建议加大对慢阻肺疾病防治知识的宣传力度,提高全社会对慢阻肺的认识。

Objective To know of the prevalence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) in residents aged 40years and above in Heilongjiang Province and analyze the risk factors of COPD. Methods 3 295 residents aged 40 years and above were chosen in 6 national disease surveillance points of Heilongjiang Province in 2019. Descriptive analysis was stratified by different risk factors and computed the rate for prevalence of COPD through weighting method. The relationship of the risk factors with COPD were analyzed by binary logistic regression. Results The prevalence of COPD in residents aged 40 years and above in Heilongjiang Province was 9.83%. There were statistically significant difference(P<0.05) among the the different risk factors of the prevalence rates of COPD: urban-rural areas, sex, exposed to occupation. Compared with non-smoker, COPD risks of smokers and former smokers increased. Compared the people with primary school education, the risk of COPD was lower in people with middle school, senior high school, junior college and above of these education levels. The risk of COPD in obese people was less than the normal weight people.Conclusion The risk factors of COPD included males, older age, lived in rural areas, behavior of smoking and disease history of personal or parents. It is suggested that the publicity of the prevention and control of COPD should be strengthened, the whole society should know more about COPD.