移动蜂窝网络定位技术综述

Overview of mobile cellular network positioning technology

移动蜂窝网络定位可在卫星信号处于遮挡状态和无法快速布设定位基站的情况下进行定位.具有高精度、时延小、抗干扰、不必改变蜂窝通信标准和基础设施建设等优点,该文首先介绍了第三代合作伙伴计划(3GPP)对移动通信定位指标需求的变化,体现在覆盖范围的扩大、定位精度与实时性的提升、功能实体的增加.其次详细阐述了4G长期演进(LTE)、5G新无线电(NR)主流定位技术的演进过程,及其性能、优缺点.在4G中,讨论了基于信号强度、下行链路估计到达时间/到达时间差(TOA/TDOA)和LTE-MR的定位技术;在5G中,讨论了基于参考信号估计到达时间(TOA),指纹匹配和波达方向(DOA)的定位技术.之后着重探讨了移动通信定位技术中时钟同步、源关联、实时定位、室内外越区切换以及基站位置准确度等关键问题,最后,对6G移动通信定位技术的发展新趋势进行了展望.

Mobile cellular network positioning is a location method with high precision,low time delay,anti-interference,and no need to change the cellular communication standards and infrastructure construction,which is used in situations where satellite signals are blocked or locating base stations cannot be quickly deployed.This article first introduces the changes in the 3GPP′s requirements for mobile communication positioning indicators,which are reflected in the expansion of coverage,improvement of positioning accuracy and real-time performance,and increase in functional entities.Secondly,it elaborates on the evolution process,performance,advantages,and disadvantages of mainstream positioning technologies in 4G LTE and 5G NR.In 4G,positioning technologies based on signal strength,downlink TOA/TDOA estimation,and LTE-MR are discussed;in 5G,positioning technologies based on TOA estimation using reference signals,fingerprint matching,and DOA are discussed.Subsequently,key issues such as clock synchronization,source correlation,real-time positioning,indoor/outdoor handover,and base station location accuracy in mobile communication positioning technology are discussed in detail.Finally,the development trends of 6G mobile communication positioning technology are explored.