京津冀地区潜在高风险外来入侵物种研究

Research on potential high-risk invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region

为有效提高京津冀地区对外来入侵物种的防控能力,保障区域生物安全,基于气候环境和经济活动两大因素,确定京津冀地区的外来入侵物种高风险来源国家,根据世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)公布的危险性入侵物种分布信息明确京津冀地区的潜在高风险外来入侵物种.结果显示,京津冀地区外来入侵物种高风险来源国家有5个,分别为美国、德国、俄罗斯、意大利和加拿大,其中,北京的外来入侵物种高风险来源国家为美国、德国和俄罗斯,天津的外来入侵物种高风险来源国家为美国、意大利和俄罗斯,河北的外来入侵物种高风险来源国家为美国和加拿大.京津冀地区潜在高风险外来入侵物种有31种,其中潜在高风险入侵植物有人厌槐叶萍Salvinia molesta、米氏野牡丹Miconia calvescens等9种,潜在高风险入侵动物有大果柏大蚁Cinara cupressi、四斑按蚊Anopheles quadrimaculatus等22种.最终依据京津冀地区潜在高风险外来入侵物种的入侵途径和传播特点提出了针对性防控对策.

In order to effectively improve the prevention and the ability of controlling invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and ensure regional biosecurity,the high-risk source countries of invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were determined based on the two major factors of climate environment and economic activities,and the potential high-risk invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region were identified according to the distribution information of dangerous invasive species published by the International Union for Conservation of Nature.The results showed that there were 5 high-risk sources of invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,namely,the United States,Germany,Russia,Italy and Canada.Among them,the high-risk source countries of invasive alien species in Beijing were the United States,Germany and Russia,and the high-risk source countries of invasive alien species in Tianjin were the United States,Italy and Russia.The high-risk source countries of invasive alien species in Hebei are the United States and Canada.In total,there are 31 potential high-risk invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,including 9 potential high-risk invasive alien plants such as Salvinia molesta and Miconia calvescens,and 22 potential high-risk invasive alien animals such as Cinara cupressi and Anopheles quadrimaculatus.Ultimately,based on the invasion pathways and dissemination characteristics of potential high-risk invasive alien species in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region,targeted prevention and control strategies are proposed.