对混剪类短视频合理使用认定的反思

A Reflection on the Identification of Fair Use of Mixed-cut Short Videos

当前各界对于混剪类短视频是否构成合理使用一直存在争议。我国合理使用制度在实践中对于合理使用的适用要求比较严格,其中为个人使用、适当引用型合理使用都难以适用于混剪类短视频。部分混剪类短视频符合合理使用制度设立的目的,可以满足适当引用型合理使用的构成要件,使用目的可以是为介绍、评论以及说明某一问题。因此,可以给予法官一定裁量权,让其基于转换性使用综合判断是否符合适当引用的使用目的要件要求。同时,对于适当的判断不能局限于使用原作品的比例,应当聚焦于对原作品的使用是否必要,以及结合视频内容判断是否构成实质性使用。

At present,there has been controversy about whether mixed-cut short videos constitute fair use.Because China's fair use system is too closed,the application requirements for fair use in practice are relatively strict,among which “for personal use”and“appropriate citation”type of reasonable use are difficult to apply to mixed-cut short videos.However,some mixed-cut short videos meet the purpose of the fair use system and can meet the constituent elements of“appropriate citation”type of fair use.The purpose of use can go beyond“to introduce,comment and illustrate an issue”.Therefore,it may be useful to give judges discretion to make a comprehensive judgment on whether the“appropriately quoted”requirement of purpose of use is met on the basis of“transformative use”.At the same time,the judgment of“appropriateness”cannot be limited to the proportion of the original work,but should focus on whether the use of the original work is necessary and whether it constitutes substantive use in combination with the video content.