我国《对外关系法》的内容体系及其实施探讨

Exploration to the Cotent System and Implementation of the Foreign Relations Law

“涉外法律”可以分为“涉外公法”“涉外经济法”与“涉外私法”。2023年6月28日通过并于同年7月1日生效的《对外关系法》属于“涉外公法”的范畴。该法共有六章四十五条,含总则、对外关系的职权、发展对外关系的目标任务、对外关系的制度、发展对外关系的保障及附则。它意在申明中国的对外关系活动将严格按照法治轨道运行,促使涉外法律体系更为完备,更有利于开展涉外法治斗争和维护国家、企业和国民利益。针对该法的宣示性及高度抽象和概括性,在该法实施过程中,我们首先应加大相关研究,为立法体系的进一步完善和有效实施打下基础;其次要协调好《对外关系法》与其他相关法律的关系;再次采取有效实施《对外关系法》的具体举措;最后要注重非国家行为体对实施《对外关系法》的影响与作用。

The“foreign related law”can be divided into“foreign related public law”,“foreign related economic law”and“foreign related private law”.The Foreign Relations Law of P.R.China(the Law),which was passed on June 28,2023 and came into effect on July 1 of the same year,falls under the category of“Foreign Public Law”.There are 6 chapters and 45 articles in the Law,which includes general provisions,powers and responsibilities for foreign relations,targets and goal missions for developing foreign relations,systems for foreign relations,safeguards for developing foreign relations,and supplementary provisions.It aims to declare that China's foreign relations activities will strictly follow the track of the rule of law,and make China's foreign-related legal system more complete,more conducive to our struggle concerning foreign-related rule of law,and further conducive to safeguarding the interests of our country,enterprises,and citizens.At present in response to the declarative nature,high abstraction,and generalization of the Law,in the process of implementing it,we should first increase studies on relevant theoretical aspects to lay a theoretical foundation for further improvement and effective implementation of the legislative system;secondly,it is necessary to coordinate the relationship between the Foreign Relations Law and other relevant laws;thirdly,the specific measures to effectively implement the Foreign Relations Law should be carried out;and finally attach much importance to the influence and role of non-state actors in implementing the Law.