战后日本安全观的演变及其政策实践

The evolution of Japan's security concept and policy practice after WII

战后日本安全政策划分为两条路线:一条是吉田路线,特征是亲美、重经济、持有限军事力量;另一条是自主路线,认为重视本国的尊严和维持日美同盟同等重要,日本应逐步发挥自主性,主张修宪和自主国防。从战后日本的国家政策来看,吉田路线一直处于主流地位,但也不乏鸠山一郎、岸信介等人对第二条路线的尝试。安全政策是安全观的外部体现,而安全观受到了内外因素共同作用下形成的政治思潮的影响。因此,诠释日本战后政治思潮的发展变化,可以对日本安全观的演变逻辑有一个较为清晰的把握,有助于评估当下的日本安全政策以及对今后安全政策的发展走向有所启发。

Japanese politics were divided into two lines after WII.One was the Yoshida line,characterized by pro-Americanism,economic emphasis,and limited military power;the other was the autonomy line,which believed that valuing the dignity of the country was as important as maintaining the Japan-U.S.alliance,and that Japan should gradually exert its autonomy,advocating for constitutional amendment and autonomous national defense.From the perspective of post-war Japanese national policy,the Yoshida line has been in the mainstream,but there is no lack of attempts to the second line by Hatoyama Ichiro,Kishi Nobusuke and others.Security policy is an external manifestation of the security outlook,which has been influenced by the political thinking formed by a combination of internal and external factors.Therefore,interpreting the development of Japan's postwar political thinking can provide a clearer grasp of the logic of the evolution of Japan's security outlook and help assess the current Japanese security policy as well as shed light on the direction of future security policy development.