基于故障树的车载氢系统泄露分析与风险评价

Leakage Analysis and Risk Assessment of on-board Hydrogen System Based on Fault Tree

氢气具有易泄漏、点火能小、易发生燃爆风险等特点,极易引发氢安全事故。为探索防范与控制燃料电池车载氢系统泄漏最佳途径,提升燃料电池汽车安全运营水平,文章运用故障树分析模型,对车载氢系统泄漏的各种可能路径进行了定性与定量分析。结果表明,至少存在22种导致车载氢系统泄漏的可能路径,氢泄漏发生的可能性较高,但氢泄漏后产生氢气着火爆炸的风险处于可接受区间。在氢气燃爆后果严重性难以避免的情况下,降低车载氢系统泄漏的可能性,强化预防与控制氢泄漏的安全应对措施,从而控制氢安全风险发生。

Hydrogen has the characteristics of easy leakage,low ignition energy,and high risk of ignition and explosion,which can easily lead to hydrogen safety accidents.In order to explore the best way to prevent and control the leakage of fuel cell on-board hydrogen system and improve the safe operation level of fuel cell vehicles,this paper uses the fault tree analysis model to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze various possible paths of on-board hydrogen system leakage.The results indicate that there are at least 22 possible paths leading to leakage in the onboard hydrogen system,and the possibility of hydrogen leakage is not low.However,the risk of hydrogen ignition and explosion after hydrogen leakage is within an acceptable range.In situations where the severity of hydrogen explosion consequences is difficult to avoid,reduce the possibility of hydrogen system leakage in the vehicle,strengthen safety measures to prevent and control hydrogen leakage,and thus control the occurrence of hydrogen safety risks.