维和官兵成就动机特点及相关因素分析

Analysis on characteristics and related factors of achievement motivation of peacekeeping officers and soldiers

目的 探讨维和官兵成就动机特点及影响因素。方法 于2021年6月整群抽取303名马里维和官兵,采用成就动机量表(achievement motivation scale,AMS)、大五人格量表(neuroticism extraversion openness five-factor inventory,NEO-FFI)、简易应对方式量表(simplified coping style questionnaire,SCSQ)、社会支持量表(social support rating scale,SSRS)、军人心理应激自评问卷(psychological stress self-evaluation test,PSET)、症状自评量表(symptom checklist 90,SCL-90)开展调查。结果维和官兵追求成功动机和避免失败动机得分分别为(48.19±8.57)和(29.54±11.06)分;高、低成就动机占比86.14%、13.86%;追求成功和成就动机得分均高于海军特勤、武警等部官兵,避免失败动机得分均低于海军特勤、武警等部官兵(均P<0.05)。成就动机与心理应激和心理症状得分均呈显著负相关(均P<0.05);追求成功、避免失败及成就动机得分分别在职别、职务、文化水平等方面差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。外向性、开放性、宜人性、严谨性、支持利用度、积极应对与追求成功、成就动机呈显著正相关,与避免失败动机呈显著负相关(均P<0.05);神经质和消极应对与成就动机呈显著负相关、与避免失败动机呈显著正相关(P<0.05)。成就动机预测因素依次为外向性、神经质、开放性、积极应对、支持利用度及严谨性。结论维和官兵成就动机水平较高,成就动机与抗应激能力及心理健康水平明显相关,成就动机受多因素影响。培养优良人格、提高积极应对和支持利用能力是增强成就动机的措施。

Objective To exploring the characteristics and influencing factors of achievement motivation of peacekeeping officers and soldiers.Method In June 2021,303 Malian peacekeeping officers and soldiers were selected from a cluster and investigated by the achievement motivation scale(AMS),neuroticism extraversion openness five factor inventory(NEO-FFI),simplified coping style questionnaire( SCSQ),social support rating.Results The scores of motivation to pursue success and avoid failure of peacekeeping officers and soldiers were(48.19±8.57) and(29.54±11.06)points respectively.The high and low achievement motivation accounted for 86.14% and 13.86% respectively.The score of the motivation to pursue success and achievement were higher and the score of the motivation to avoid failure was lower than that of naval special service and armed police(all P<0.05).The score of achievement motivation were negatively correlated with the total score of psychological stress and psychological symptoms(all P <0.05).The scores of motivation to pursue success,avoid failure,and achievement had statistical significance in terms of job title,position,and educational level(all P<0.05).There was a significant positive correlation between extroversion,openness,agreeableness,rigor,support utilization,positive coping and motivation to pursuit success and achievement,and a significant negative correlation with motivation to avoid failure(all P<0.05).Neuroticism and negative coping were significantly negatively correlated with achievement motivation and significantly positively correlated with motivation to avoid failure(P<0.05).The predictive factors for achievement motivation were extraversion,neuroticism,openness,positive coping,support utilization,and rigor.Conclusions The achievement motivation level of peacekeeping officers and soldiers is high.Achievement motivation is significantly correlated with stress resistance and mental health levels,and is influenced by multiple factors.Cultivating a good personality and improving the ability to actively respond and support utilization are measures to enhance achievement motivation.