美国美术馆艺术教育:内在特点、独特方式与发展趋势

The Characteristics,Methods and Trends of Gallery Art Education in America

20世纪90年代以来,艺术教育已经成为美国美术馆的灵魂。美国美术馆艺术教育具有基于艺术原作、注重自由选择学习、体现社会互动本质等特征,主要采取观众参与、观创结合、馆校合作等方式促进学生的艺术学习。在美国美术馆艺术教育的发展过程中,呈现出从关注物到服务人、从注重权威解释到重视意义建构、从机构分离到艺术学习生态的发展趋势。美国美术馆艺术教育的内在特点、独特方式与发展趋势可为我国美术馆艺术教育的发展提供借鉴与经验。为此,我国可以通过聆听观众声音、探索多元形式、重视馆校合作等方式促进美术馆艺术教育的发展,进而提升学生的审美与人文素养。

Since the 1990s,art education has become the soul of gallery in the United States.Art education in American art museums is characterized by its foundation on original artworks,emphasis on free-choice learning,and reflection of the social interactive nature.It aims to promote the students'art learning mainly through audience participation,integration of observation and creation,the collabration between museums and schools.In the development of gallery art education,there has been a trend from focusing on objects to serving people,from the emphasizing authoritative interpretation to valuing meaning construction,and from institutional separation to an ecological approach to art learning.The characteristics,ways and trends of gallery art education in the United States provide reference and experience for the development of gallery art education in China.Therefore,China can promote the development of art education in art museums by listening to the audience's voices,exploring diverse forms,and emphasizing museum school cooperation,thereby enhancing the students'aesthetic and humanistic literacy.