莜麦留茬刈割再生表现及可应用价值研究

Regeneration Performance and Applicable Value of Stubble Cutting of Avena chinensis

莜麦秸秆作为牲畜优良的饲草,在植株完全抽穗后留茬刈割,获得青饲供牲畜食用,同时,基部分生组织出现二次分蘖并再生成苗,形成新的植株,后期通过生长发育能否正常成熟,获得有效成熟籽粒,从而提高莜麦的二次利用价值。根据不同刈割期、不同密度,按照随机区组设计,处理在完全抽穗初期及灌浆期留茬刈割,通过观察研究不同刈割期后期二茬苗生长发育及成熟情况,调查生物量与产量,进行统计分析和效益比较。莜麦刈割后获得较多的青饲,在一定程度上缓解了农民在夏季养殖中缺乏饲草的问题,完全抽穗初期刈割后再生苗成株迅速,生长发育较快,能够获得健全的籽粒,但小穗数、穗粒数、穗粒重及籽粒产量明显低于对照;灌浆期刈割后虽然生长成正常植株,但由于后期气温逐渐降低直至出现霜冻,未能成熟。莜麦留茬刈割后生物量和产值较高,在农牧交错带具有推广价值,在此基础上提出的“一播收两茬”概念,有望成为莜麦栽培新模式或产粮产草创收增值新思路。

Naked oats straw,as an excellent forage for livestock,was cut after the plant was completely heading,and green feed was obtained for livestock consumption.At the same time,the basal meristem appeared secondary tiller and regenerated into seedlings to form new plants.In the later stage,the effective mature grains were obtained through the normal maturation of growth and development,so as to improve the secondary utilization value of naked oats.According to different cutting stages and different densities,the stubble cutting was carried out by random block design at the beginning of complete heading and filling stage.The growth,development and maturity of the second stubble seedlings at the later stage of different cutting stages were observed and studied.Biomass and yield were investigated,statistical analysis and benefit comparison were carried out.After cutting,naked oats obtained more green feed,which alleviated the problem of lack of forage in summer culture to a certain extent.After cutting at the beginning of complete heading,the regenerated seedlings grew rapidly and grew quickly,and they could obtain sound grains,but the number of spikelets,grain number per panicle,grain weight per panicle and grain yield were significantly lower than those of the control.Although the normal plants grew into normal plants after cutting at filling stage,the temperature decreased gradually until frost appeared at the later stage,and it was not mature.The biomass and output value of naked oats after stubble cutting are high,which had the value of popularizing in the ecotone of agriculture and animal husbandry.On this basis,the concept of‘one sowing and two stubble’was expected to become a new mode of naked oats cultivation or a new idea of income and increment of grain yield and grass yield.