蚯蚓粪对水稻生长及根际和非根际土壤养分的影响

Effects of Earthworm Manure on Rice Growth and Rhizosphere and Non-rhizosphere Soil Nutrients

[目的]通过把灭菌蚯蚓粪和未灭菌蚯蚓粪施入水田作基肥,探究蚯蚓粪中微生物对水稻产量的影响。[方法]把灭菌蚯蚓粪和未灭菌蚯蚓粪通过氮、磷含量换算替代30%化肥作为基肥,设置4个处理(灭菌蚯蚓粪30%替代化肥+70%化肥、未灭菌蚯蚓粪30%替代化肥+70%化肥、100%化肥、不施肥),分析灭菌蚯蚓粪替代30%化肥对水稻产量及根际、非根际土壤有机质、pH、有效磷、硝态氮和铵态氮的影响。[结果]施用未灭菌蚯蚓粪替代30%化肥处理的水稻秸秆产量最大为(87.99±2.21) kg/hm^(2);施用蚯蚓粪替代部分化肥整体上可以改良酸性土壤的pH,施用化肥会加强酸性土壤的酸性,根际土的pH略低于非根际土;施用蚯蚓粪可以提高土壤全氮、全磷、全钾含量,其中根际土养分含量高于非根际土;蚯蚓粪+70%化肥增加有机质最多,根际土有机质含量比非根际土有机质含量多。[结论]施用蚯蚓粪替代30%可以提高水稻产量,提高根际土和非根际土的全氮、全磷、全钾含量,改善土壤pH,提高土壤有机质含量,蚯蚓粪中的微生物对水稻生长和产量具有促进作用。

[Objective]To study the effects of microorganisms in worm droppings on rice yield by applying inactivated and inactivated worm droppings to paddy field as base fertilizer.[Method]Sterilized and unsterilized vermicast were converted by nitrogen and phosphorus contents to replace 30%fertilizer as base fertilizer.Four treatments were set up(sterilized vermicast 30%instead of fertilizer+70%fertilizer,unsterilized vermicast 30%instead of fertilizer+70%fertilizer,100%fertilizer and no fertilizer).The effects of sterilized earthworm manure replacing 30%fertilizer on rice yield,rhizosphere non-rhizosphere soil organic matter,pH,available phosphorus,nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen were analyzed.[Result]The maximum weight of rice straw was(87.99±2.21)kg/hm^(2) when unsterilized earthworm manure was applied instead of 30%fertilizer.Applying vermicompost instead of fertilizer could improve the pH of acidic soil on the whole.Applying fertilizer could strengthen the acidity of acidic soil.The pH of rhizosphere soil was slightly lower than that of non-rhizosphere soil.Application of earthworm manure could increase the content of total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in soil,and the nutrient content of rhizosphere soil was higher than that of non-rhizosphere soil.Earthworm manure+70%fertilizer increased organic matter most,and the content of organic matter in rhizosphere soil was higher than that in non-rhizosphere soil.[Conclusion]Application of earthworm manure replacement by 30%could increase rice yield,increase total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium content in rhizosphere soil and non-rhizosphere soil,improve soil pH and soil organic matter.Microorganisms in earthworm manure can promote rice growth and yield.