牛蒡繁育系统与花部特征研究

Study on the Breeding System and Floral Syndrome of Arctium lappa

[目的]了解牛蒡生殖特性,为其栽培育种提供理论基础。[方法]通过野外观察,运用异交指数(OCI)、花粉胚珠比(P/O)及套袋试验等研究方法对大连地区辽宁中医药大学内牛蒡的花部特征及繁育系统进行研究。[结果]牛蒡群体花期一般为34~35 d,花期重叠,每年6月下旬开始到7月末结束,其花粉和柱头具有活力且柱头在全天都具有活力;OCI为4,P/O为5 666,异花授粉需要传粉者,风对其传粉作用不明显;套袋试验中自然套袋与自然对照均可结实,结实率分别为99.0%和69.5%,去雄去柱头后套袋结实率为0,不具有无融合生殖特性。[结论]牛蒡具有异交特性且自花授粉可结实,风媒传粉可能性小。

[Objective]To understand the reproductive characteristics of A.lappa and provide theoretical basis for its cultivation and breeding.[Method]Flowering syndrome and breeding system of A.lappa growing in Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Dalian were studied by field observation,outcrossing index(OCI),pollen-ovule ratio(P/O)and bagging test.[Result]A.lappa population generally had 34-35 days of flowering period and overlapped flowering period.From late June to the end of July,pollen and stigma had vigor and the stigma had vigor throughout the day,OCI=4,P/O=5666,cross-pollinators needed pollination,and the effect of wind on its pollination was not obvious.Both natural bagging and natural control were fruitful and the seed setting rate was 99.0%and 69.5%respectively.The setting rate of bagging at the emasculate and removing stigma of head was 0,it did not have apomixis characteristics.[Conclusion]A.lappa had the characteristics of cross-pollination and it also could self-pollination and fructification.And the possibility of wind pollination was low.