基于马斯洛需求层次理论的城市公共设施研究

Research on Urban Public Facilities Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs

针对目前城市发展与其配套公共设施不匹配的问题,文章通过马斯洛需求层次对优秀公共设施进行分析总结,得出了一套供我国解决当前问题,可借鉴的人性化公共设施设计理论。根据马斯洛需求层次理论分析,得出我国公共设施探索道路为:对于低级需求的完善和对于高级需求的探索和尝试。具体来说,关于低级需求的措施是:完善实现基本生理需求的方式和以更广泛的视角满足人们的安全健康需求;关于高级需求的措施是:通过文化的纽带连接人们的社交需求、保障弱势群体对于普通公共设施的使用和利用交互反馈,增加用户所得感。

In view of the problem of mismatch between the current urban development and its supporting public facilities,the paper analyzes and summarizes the excellent public facilities according to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,and comes up with a set of humanized public facilities design theories for our country to solve the current problems and to learn from the development.Based on the analysis on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs,it is concluded that the path for China’s public facilities is the improvement of low-level needs and the exploration and attempts of high-level needs.Specifically,the measures for low-level needs are to improve the way of realizing basic physiological needs and to meet people’s safety and health from a broader perspective.The measures for high-level needs are to link people’s social needs through cultural ties,to protect the disadvantaged groups’use of common public facilities,and to increase the users’sense of gain with interactive feedback.