“十三五”期间非煤矿山安全生产情况及未来对策

Safety production in non-coal mines during China′s 13th Five-Year Plan period(2016-2020):Present status and future countermeasures

非煤矿山的开采是我国的基础产业,同时也是经济发展的重要支柱,在许多新兴产业发展中扮演着越来越重要的角色。随着矿产资源开发强度的不断加大,非煤矿山行业也产生了较多典型的安全生产事故,为探讨我国非煤矿山安全存在的主要问题,搜集了我国“十三五”期间(2016—2020年)非煤矿山安全生产数据,分别从事故发生区域、事故类型、事故发生时间、开采方式、矿种类型、所属行业等方面进行了分析,得出以下结论:1)我国非煤矿山中小型矿山以40%左右的产能酿成了超过90%的事故,安全生产基础总体薄弱;2)如内蒙古、湖南、广西等重点区域安全生产形势仍严峻;3)地下矿山的事故起数和死亡人数均占非煤矿山事故总量的50%以上,以冒顶坍塌为主的10类事故死亡人数较大。导致这种情况的主要原因是我国非煤矿山企业安全管理能力仍然较弱、非煤矿山安全生产监管监察能力仍需提升、我国非煤矿山智能化建设仍处于初级阶段,事故重灾区机械化、自动化、智能化建设程度总体较低。只有进一步推进非煤矿山企业及监管监察部门装备设备的智能化水平的提升,从矿山全生命周期中的各个生产流程及环节进行改造升级,才能实现“十四五”时期安全生产质量的进一步提升。

The mining of non-coal mines is a fundamental industry in China and an important pillar of economic development.It plays an increasingly important role in the development of many emerging industries.With the increasing intensity of mineral resource development,many typical safety production accidents occurred in the non-coal mining industry.To explore the main safety issues of non-coal mines in China,I collected safety production data of non-coal mines during the 13th Five Year Plan period(2016-2020)and analyzed separately from accident area,accident type,accident occurrence time,mining method,mining type,industry,etc.The results are as follows:1)Small and medium-sized non-coal mines in China have caused over 90%of accidents with a production capacity of about 40%,and the safety production foundation is weak;2)The security production situation in key regions such as Inner Mongolia,Hunan,and Guangxi is severe;3)The number and death toll of accidents in underground mines account for over 50%of the total number of accidents in non-coal mines,with the 10 types of accidents mainly involving roof fall and collapse resulting in a higher number of fatalities.The main reasons for this situation are that the safety management capabilities of non-coal mining enterprises are still weak,the safety production supervision capabilities of non-coal mining enterprises need to be improved,the intelligent construction of non-coal mines in China is still in the initial stage,and the overall level of mechanization,automation,and intelligent construction in accident stricken areas is relatively low.Only the equipment Intelligence level of non-coal mining enterprises and regulatory authorities was improved,and all production processes and links throughout the entire lifecycle of the mine were upgraded and transformed,the further improvement of safety production quality during the 14th Five Year Plan period can only be achieved.