碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料的研究进展

Research Progress in Carbon Nanotube Reinforced Ceramic Matrix Composites

总结了碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料的类型、制备方法、性能和应用前景等.在碳纳米管增强陶瓷基复合材料中,增强材料可分为短碳纳米管、长碳纳米管以及单壁碳纳米管、多壁碳纳米管等;陶瓷基体主要有氧化物陶瓷、碳化物陶瓷、氮化物陶瓷、硼化物陶瓷.碳纳米管引入陶瓷基体的方法主要包括物理混合、碳纳米管表面改性处理、湿式化学合成和化学气相沉积法等;复合材料烧结方法主要包括常压烧结、热压烧结、真空烧结、放电等离子体烧结法等.碳纳米管可以显著改善陶瓷的脆性,增强其强度、韧性、耐磨性、导电和导热性能.该材料可应用于结构材料、电子器件、生物医学等领域.在未来研究中,可从制备方法的优化、碳纳米管的分散、复合界面的控制、可持续发展和循环经济、增强材料的多功能性等方面进一步展开探索.

The types,preparation methods,properties,and application prospects of carbon nanotube reinforced ceramic matrix composites were summarized.In carbon nanotube reinforced ceramic matrix composites,the reinforced materials can be divided into short carbon nanotubes,long carbon nanotubes,single-walled carbon nanotubes and multi-walled carbon nanotubes.The ceramic matrix is classified into oxide ceramic,carbide ceramic,nitride ceramic,and boride ceramic.The main methods for introducing carbon nanotubes into ceramic matrix include physical mixing,surface modification of carbon nanotubes,wet chemical synthesis,and chemical vapor deposition.The sintering methods of composite materials mainly include atmospheric sintering,hot pressing sintering,vacuum sintering,discharge plasma sintering.Carbon nanotubes can significantly improve the brittleness of ceramics,enhancing their strength,toughness,electric and thermal conductivity.The composites can be applied in the fields of structural materials,electronic devices,biomedicine and so on.In the future,the research exploration can be carried out in terms of optimization of preparation methods,dispersion of carbon nanotubes,control of composite interfaces,sustainable development and circular economy,and enhancement of multifunctionality of materials.