压电纤维的制备及应用研究进展

Progress in preparation technology and application of piezoelectric fibers

综述了无机陶瓷压电纤维、有机聚合物压电纤维及复合压电纤维的制备方法,介绍了压电纤维在可穿戴领域、能量收集领域、医疗领域、结构健康监测领域的应用情况。无机陶瓷压电纤维的制备技术包括热塑性挤压法、黏性溶液纺丝法、溶胶-凝胶法,其中热塑性挤压法和黏性溶液纺丝法具有操作简单、绿色环保的特点。有机聚合物压电纤维的制备技术包括熔融纺丝法、湿法纺丝法和静电纺丝法等,其中静电纺丝法制备有机聚合物压电纤维是当前的研究热点。指出未来压电纤维的研究在高压电响应压电纤维的制备、压电纤维与功能性纺织品的整合、压电纺织品的结构设计方面仍有待突破。

The preparation technologies of inorganic ceramic piezoelectric fibers,organic polymer piezoelectric fibers and composite piezoelectric fibers were reviewed.The application of piezoelectric fibers were introduced in the fields of wearable textiles,energy harvesting,healthcare and structural health monitoring.The preparation technology of inorganic ceramic piezoelectric fiber includes thermoplastic extrusion method,viscous solution spinning method and sol-gel method.The thermoplastic extrusion process and viscous solution spinning method has the characteristics of simple operation and green environmental protection.The preparation technology of organic polymer piezoelectric fibers includes melt spinning,wet spinning and electrospinning processes.The electrospinning process is currently the research focus of preparing organic polymer piezoelectric fibers.It was pointed out that the reseasch of piezoelectric fibers should break through the preparation of high-piezoelectric response piezoelectric fibers,integration of piezoelectric fibers with functional textiles and structural design of piezoelectric textiles in the future.