湖南浏阳大围山繁殖期鸟类物种多样性的动态分析

Dynamic Analysis of Avian Species Diversity During Breeding Season in Daweishan of Liuyang City,Hunan Province

繁殖期是鸟类生活史的重要阶段,掌握繁殖期鸟类的物种多样性及其种群动态对鸟类保护具有重要意义。2016—2020年,采用样线法在湖南浏阳大围山于每年5月和7月分别开展1次系统的鸟类物种多样性调查。期间共记录到鸟类100种,隶属于10目38科。其中,留鸟73种、夏候鸟22种、冬候鸟2种、旅鸟3种;国家一级重点保护鸟类有1种,即白颈长尾雉(Syrmaticus ellioti),国家二级重点保护鸟类有白鹇(Lophura nycthemera)、黑冠鹃隼(Aviceda leuphotes)、红嘴相思鸟(Leiothrix lutea)等12种。2016—2020年依次记录到鸟类64种、68种、63种、56种和57种。鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数在2018年最高(3.421),在2020年最低(3.062)。年际间鸟类物种组成周转率呈逐年上升趋势,依次为77.27%、81.68%、84.87%和94.69%。调查期内5月的鸟类群落各项多样性指数均值略高于7月。常绿-落叶阔叶混交林、针阔混交林、常绿阔叶林和灌丛是大围山繁殖鸟类最主要的生境,其中常绿-落叶阔叶混交林鸟类群落的Shannon-Wiener指数(2.943±0.146)和Pielou指数(0.850±0.020)均最高。结果表明,大围山繁殖鸟类资源丰富且物种多样性较高,但鸟类群落物种组成周转率较高,鸟类物种多样性的动态变化波动较大,并表现出一定的下降趋势,需引起当地野生动物管理部门的重视。

Breeding season is the essential phase of avian life history.Understanding the avian species diversity and population dynamics during the breeding season is critical to bird conservation.From 2016 to 2020,a systematic survey of avian species diversity was conducted in Daweishan of Liuyang City,Hunan Province,by using the line transect method in May and July each year.A total of 100 avian species were recorded belonging to 10 orders and 38 families.Among them,there are 73 species of resident birds,22 species of summer migrants,2 species of winter migrants,and 3 species of passing birds.There is one species that is ranked as the national first-class protected wildlife,named Elliot’s pheasant(Syrmaticus ellioti),and 12 species that are ranked as the national second-class protected wildlife,including silver pheasant(Lophura nycthemera),black baza(Aviceda leuphotes),red-billed leiothrix(Leiothrix lutea).From 2016 to 2020,there were 64,68,63,56,and 57 species of birds recorded successively in field.The Shannon-Wiener index for bird communities was the highest in 2018(3.421)and the lowest in 2020(3.062).Meanwhile,avian species composition changed more frequently year by year,with the inter-annual turnover rates of 77.27%,81.68%,84.87%,and 94.69%,respectively.The average diversity indexes of bird communities in May were slightly higher than those in July.The mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest,mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest,evergreen broad-leaved forest and brushwood were the most important habitats for breeding birds in Daweishan.Among these habitats,the mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest had both the highest Shannon-Wiener index(2.943±0.146)and Pielou index(0.850±0.020)of bird communities.The results demonstrated that Daweishan had abundant resources of breeding birds and high species diversity.However,the turnover rates of species composition in avian communites were high,and avian species diversity in this mountain showed a large fluctuation of dynamic changes and a certain trend of decline,which should be paid attention to by the local wildlife management department.