马克思恩格斯的中国观及其对中国式现代化的启示

Marx&Engels on China and Its Significance for Chinese Modernization

中国式现代化是全面推进中华民族伟大复兴的唯一正确道路,关于中国式现代化的历史必然性可以从世界历史的视角来理解。马克思之前的部分西方学者对中国抱有同情的态度,但大多数西方学者出于偏见,贬低或批判中国,将中国视为野蛮的“他者”。马克思、恩格斯从历史唯物主义出发,以鸦片战争及其对近代中国的影响为切入点,提出了中国社会面临的危机和可能的出路。他们认为,资产阶级及其主导的以资本为中心的发展道路只能让中国从属于西方,只有通过革命予以扬弃和超越,以人民为中心、以社会主义为目的、以人的自由而全面发展为价值定位的发展道路才是中国独立自主的现实前提。马克思、恩格斯的中国观对中国式现代化道路的理解具有重要的理论意义和实践价值。

Chinese Modernization is the sole correct road to the great rejuvenation for Chinese Nation,The historical inevitability of Chinese modernization can be understood from the perspective of world history.Some thinkers before Marx and Engels sympathized with China,however,the great majority of thinkers devalued China and even rejected its value,who thought of it as an uncivilized aothero.Marx and Engels pointed out the crises faced by China and gave a solution to it based on the analysis of the Opium War and its adverse impact.According to them,the capitalist class and world history dominated by capital only led to being subordinate to western countries.If Chinese want to realize China’s independence,then they must sublate the old world history with a new one through revolution,which is based on the people-centered idea,socialism,and free and all-round development of human beings.Therefore,Marx and Engels’s views and positions on the ancient China have important theoretical and practical significance for Chinese modernization.