新发皮质下小梗死患者脑萎缩与脑小血管病总负荷的相关性研究

Correlation between cerebral atrophy and total burden of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with recent small subcortical infarct

目的探讨新发皮质下小梗死(RSSI)患者脑萎缩与脑小血管病(CSVD)总负荷的关系。方法选择2021年9月至2022年11月南京医科大学附属常州市第二人民医院神经内科收治的老年RSSI患者194例。所有患者完成头颅MRI检查,根据CSVD影像学总负荷评分分为无-轻度1组97例和中重度1组97例。采用视觉评估量表评估全脑及各部位脑萎缩等级,又根据全脑皮质萎缩分级(GCA)评分分为无-轻度2组88例和中重度2组106例。评估各部位脑萎缩,内侧颞叶萎缩(MTA)评分,额颞叶萎缩(FTA)评分,后皮质萎缩(PA)评分。收集所有患者一般临床资料及影像学数据,采用多因素logistic回归分析RSSI患者GCA与CSVD影像学总负荷的关系,并采用Spearman相关性分析进一步探讨GCA及不同部位脑萎缩与CSVD影像学总负荷的相关性。结果中重度1组GCA评分2~3分、PA评分2~3分比例明显高于无-轻度1组,MTA评分2~4分、FTA评分2~4分比例明显高于无-轻度1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。中重度2组CSVD影像学总负荷评分2~4分比例明显高于无-轻度2组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析显示,年龄、CSVD影像学总负荷是RSSI患者脑萎缩的独立危险因素(OR=1.184,95%CI:1.099~1.276,P=0.000;OR=3.537,95%CI:1.664~7.518,P=0.001)。Spearman相关性分析显示,RSSI患者CSVD影像学总负荷与GCA、MTA、FTA及PA评分呈正相关(r=0.518,r=0.382,r=0.471,r=0.388,P=0.000)。结论老年RSSI患者CSVD影像学总负荷是GCA的独立危险因素,CSVD影像学总负荷越严重,GCA等级越高,且CSVD影像学总负荷与全脑及其他不同部位脑萎缩均相关。

Objective To investigate the relationship between cerebral atrophy and total burden of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with recent small subcortical infarct(RSSI).Methods A total of 194 elderly RSSI patients admitted to Department of Neurology of Changzhou Second People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from September 2021 to November 2022 were recruited in this study.All patients completed cranial MRI examination and were divided into a non-mild group 1(97 cases)and a moderate to severe group 1(97 cases)based on the total burden of cerebral small vessel diseases(CSVD)imaging.Visual assessment scale was used to assess the severity of brain atrophy in the whole brain and various regions of the brain.According to the global cortical atrophy scale(GCA)score,all patients were divided into a non-mild group 2(88 cases)and a moderate to severe group 2(106 cases).Brain atrophy in various regions,medial temporal lobe atrophy(MTA)score,frontal temporal lobe atrophy(FTA)score,and posterior cortical atrophy(PA)score were evaluated.Their general clinical and imaging data were collected,multivariate logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze the relationship between GCA score and total burden of CSVD imaging in RSSI patients,and Spearman correlation analysis was further adopted to explore the correlation of GCA score and different parts of brain atrophy with total burden of CSVD imaging.Results When compared with the non-mild group 1,the moderate to severe group 1 had significantly larger proportions of having GCA score of 2-3 points,PA score of 2-3 points,MTA score of 2-4 points and FTA score of 2-4 points(P<0.01).The ratio of having 2-4 points in total imaging burden score of CSVD was obviously higher in the moderate to severe group 2 than the non-mild group 2(P<0.01).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that age and total burden of CSVD imaging were independent risk factors for brain atrophy in RSSI patients(OR=1.184,95%CI:1.099-1.276,P=0.000;OR=3.537,95%CI:1.664-7.518,P=0.001).Spearman correlation analysis revealed that the total burden score of CSVD imaging was positively correlated with GCA,MTA,FTA and PA scores in RSSI patients(r=0.518,r=0.382,r=0.471,r=0.388,P=0.000).Conclusion The total burden of CSVD is an independent risk factor for GCA in elderly RSSI patients.The more serious the total burden of CSVD is,the higher the grade of GCA is.The total burden of CSVD is related to the whole brain and brain atrophy in other different regions of the brain.