基于行动者网络理论的生态特色型乡村空间重构过程与转型机制——以上海市青浦区莲湖村为例

Reconstruction process and transformation mechanism of ecological characteristic rural space based on Actor-Network Theory:A case study of Lianhu Village in the Qingpu District,Shanghai

乡村振兴战略背景下,以上海市莲湖村为案例,利用行动者网络理论分析框架,探究生态特色型乡村的空间重构过程及其转型机制。研究发现:①莲湖村乡村重构过程经历了以政府为主导的美丽乡村建设和以市场化为主导的民宿快速发展两个阶段,其发展转型和空间重构虽已取得一定成效,但尚未达到平衡状态。②由地方政府和民宿业主分别作为两个阶段的关键行动者主导推动的行动者网络实现了转译与承接转换,发展过程的不确定性使乡村空间仍处于动态变化中。③莲湖村乡村空间重构呈现出经济职能转型、社会结构重组和空间特征演变的特征,既可看到“自上而下”的政府政策资金支持的模式,也可看到“自下而上”市场力主导的推动。

Under the background of comprehensively promoting the rural revitalization strategy,China’s rural areas have entered a new stage of transformation and development,and the rural space is facing multiple differentiation and reconstruction.Taking Lianhu Village in Shanghai as a case,this article explores the spatial reconstruction process and transformation mechanism of ecological characteristic villages by using the theoretical analysis framework of actor-network.The research found that:The process of rural reconstruction in Lianhu Village has gone through 2 stages:the construction of beautiful villages dominated by the government and the rapid development of home stay dominated by marketization.The construction of beautiful villages was a heterogeneous network of actors with local governments as the key core.In this stage,Lianhu Village completed the renewal and improvement of the village’s infrastructure,realized the comprehensive renovation of the village environment.The living,ecology and production space of the village has been reconstructed and upgraded.With the change of government planning objectives,the adjustment of fund award and subsidy policies and the impact of market mechanism,the rights and interests of rural governance have been decentralized,and village committees,villagers and other actors have gained more discourse power in independent development.In order to seek more economic benefits,they utilized the village’s own advantages to explore development paths.The original network of actors began to re-translate,and Lianhu Village entered a rapid development stage of market-oriented homestay industry.In this stage,the villagers’autonomous management ability was strengthened,and home-stay owners became the new key actors.Foreign subjects and capital were attreacted to enter the village,local cultural tourism resources were tapped,and new eco-cultural tourism industries such as home-stay,tourism agriculture were developed.Lianhu Village has achieved the reconstruction and transformation of its economic,social and cultural space.Although its development transformation and spatial reconstruction have achieved some results,they have not yet reached a state of balance.The actor-network driven by the local government and the home-stay place owners as the core actors of the two stages has realized the transformation of translation and conversion.The uncertainty of the development process makes the rural space still in dynamic change.The rural spatial reconstruction of Lianhu Village shows the characteristics of transformation of economic functions,restructuring of social structure and evolution of spatial characteristics.We can not only see the“top-down”model of government policy funding support,but also see the“bottom-up”market force led impetus.