免于同意之合同所必需规则的原理探究与落地适用

Exploring the rationale and practical application of the rules necessary for a contract without consent

作为“同意例外”情形之一的合同所必需规则为个人信息保护与合理利用的动态利益平衡提供了规范依据。依据《个人信息保护法》第13条第1款第2项的规定,合同所必需规则包含两种情形:一是个人作为一方当事人与作为另一方当事人的处理者订立合同所必需;二是上述双方主体为履行合同所必需。《个人信息保护法》设立合同所必需规则并无“架空”告知同意规则之意,处理目的、处理范围以及处理场景可作为合同所必需规则的三层条件限定。据此,从常见的个人信息处理场景出发,对合同所必需规则的适用展开进行了列举。此外,还应从法律效果上准确把握合同所必需规则。首先,合同所必需规则并不排斥其他合法性基础的适用。其次,适用合同所必需规则可豁免同意征求,但不及于“重新取得同意”与“撤回同意”的情形。再而,合同所必需规则仅豁免处理者的同意征求义务,处理者仍需遵守个人信息处理规则。最后,应明晰合同所必需规则的适用多为个人信息被处理者收益。

As one of the“Consent exceptions”,the rules necessary for a contract provide a normative basis for the dynamic balance between the protection of personal information and the rational use of personal information.Pursuant to Article 13(1)(2)of the Personal Information Protection Law,the rules necessary for a contract consist of two situations:one is necessary for an individual to enter into a contract as a party to a contract with a processor as a party to the other party,and the other is necessary for the performance of the contract by the above-mentioned parties.Personal Information Protection Law sets up the necessary rules of the contract is not“Overhead”informed consent rules meaning,the purpose,scope,and context of the processing can be defined as three levels of conditions for the required rules of the contract.Based on this,this paper enumerates the application of the rules necessary for a contract from the common personal information processing scenarios.In addition,we should grasp the necessary rules of the contract accurately from the legal effect.Firstly,the rules necessary for a contract do not exclude the application of other bases of legality.Secondly,the application of this rules may exempt consent from solicitation,but not in the case of“Re-consent”and“Withdrawal of consent”.Moreover,the rules necessary for a contract only exempt the processor from the consent-seeking obligation,and the processor is still required to comply with the personal information processing rules.Finally,it should be made clear that the application of the necessary rules of a contract is mostly for the benefit of the person whose personal information is processed.