电化学脱盐机理及相关研究进展

Research progress on electrochemical desalination mechanisms and related studies

电化学脱盐技术通过可逆的电化学过程实现离子固定化,是一种很有前途的节能水处理技术。有关脱盐机理的研究有助于深入了解离子传输和去除特性,进而为材料和电池的设计提供理论支持。根据电化学基本原理,可以将电化学脱盐机理分为电吸附机理与电荷转移机理两大类,后者包括氧化还原活性导电聚合物、离子插入(或插层)反应、转化反应以及氧化还原活性电解质。先进表征技术(包括原位X射线技术、原位波谱技术以及其他技术)和计算机建模与仿真(包括分子动力学模拟、密度泛函理论、有限元分析)在机理分析中起到关键作用。

Electrochemical desalination,which achieves ion immobilization through a reversible electrochemical process,is a promising energy-saving water treatment technology.The study of desalination mechanisms helps to gain a deeper understanding of ion transport and removal characteristics,thereby providing theoretical support for the design of materials and batteries.According to the basic principles of electrochemistry,electrochemical desalination mechanisms can be divided into two categories:electrosorption mechanisms and charge transfer mechanisms.The latter includes redox active conductive polymers,ion insertion(or intercalation)reactions,conversion reactions,and redox active electrolytes.Advanced characterization technologies(including in situ X-ray technology,in situ spectroscopy technology and other technologies)and computer modeling and simulation(including molecular dynamics simulation,density functional theory,and finite element analysis)play a key role in mechanism analysis.