后现代的眩晕——让·努维尔建筑美学的解构精神

Vertigo of Postmodernism:Deconstruction in Jean Nouvel’s Architectural Aesthetics

在建筑学的语境中,“后现代主义”和“解构主义”往往被视为“现代主义”和“结构主义”的反面,法国建筑师让·努维尔则常被归入后者。而实际上,他的建筑美学恰恰具有强烈的哲学意义上的后现代及解构主义精神,尤其体现在其作品中突出的“模棱两可性”及对风格与形式窠臼的规避。文章从去中心化及真实与幻象交叠的作品特征、对传统建筑学理念的消解、难以归类的风格与形式,以及他的文脉主义是如何融入后现代解构精神四个角度分析努维尔的建筑美学中的解构实践,并借此梳理长久以来存在于中文学界的对建筑学的解构主义与哲学的解构主义的混淆,厘清一些由此产生的对解构主义的误解,以此获得新的设计启迪。

In the context of architecture,“postmodernism”and“deconstructivism”are often considered to be the opposites of“modernism”and“structuralism”,while French architect Jean Nouvel is usually put in the latter frames.In fact,however,Nouvel’s architectural aesthetics shows a strong postmodern and deconstructive tendency in the philosophical sense,especially reflected in the prominent“ambiguity”and avoidance of style and form in his works.This article analyzes the deconstructive tendency reflected in Nouvel’s architectural aesthetics from several perspectives,including the characteristics of decentralization,the overlap of reality and illusion,the dissolution of traditional architectural concepts and the style and form that are difficult to classify,as well as how his contextualism fits into this postmodern deconstruction,and try to clarify some long-standing misunderstandings about deconstruction/deconstructivism due to the misleading Chinese translation,so as to gain some new insights of architectural designing.