韩江流域复合式民居平面布局的二元结构——兼论华南民居平面类型的层级化认知

Research on Dualistic Structure of Large Vernacular Dwellings Layout in Han River Watershed:Also on the Layered Cognition of Layout Types of Vernacular Dwellings in South China

文章选取明清时期韩江流域为研究区域,将复合式民居平面布局二分为核心、附属两部分,以核心建筑单体平面类型和主从组合方式为两大线性谱系,建立二元结构的分析框架以解释类型变化。其中,核心建筑单体平面可提取出长屋式、植入式、五开间、三开间四种代表类型,而组合方式根据轴型不同可分为单弱轴、单强轴、多轴三种类型,进而基于二者总结出八种关联模式。通过对不同平面类型、不同关联模式的案例地理分布进行分析,论证了五开间堂横式大屋为均布韩江流域的普遍类型,不同关联模式可以解释为不同家族制度所采取的迥异平面布局策略的产物。而仪式空间、居住空间的二元结构组合分析方法可以拓展至更大的地域范围,帮助建立层级化民居平面类型认知框架。

This paper investigates the vernacular dwellings in Han River watershed.The large dwellings can be divided by dualistic cognitive structure into two parts:the core and the subsidiary.The combination mode can be divided into three types:single weak axis,single strong axis,and multi-axis.The analysis of the geographical distribution of the different types proves that the penta-bay Tang-Heng style house is a common type in the Han River watershed,and it also suggests that the dualistic structural combination of ritual space and living space can help to establish a layered cognitive framework of vernacular dwelling plan types.