基于社交媒体数据的洪水风险信息提取与应用研究综述

Review and application of flood risk information extraction based on social media data

社交媒体数据作为一种时空大数据,具有实时性和位置服务的特点,近年来在国外洪水风险管理中得到广泛应用。目前国内针对该数据类型在洪水风险管理中的研究较少,相关应用受限。通过对国内外基于社交媒体数据的洪涝灾害研究进行综述,探讨洪水风险信息的提取与分析方法,指出社交媒体数据在洪水风险管理中的应用方向,包括洪涝灾害的监测预警、灾情的时空分析、情绪和响应行为分析、救灾部署及灾害损失评估等。此外,社交媒体数据具有实时性、多类型性、可视化的优势,也存在质量与精度有限、虚假信息过多、用户群体受限和文化差异等挑战。如何发挥社交媒体数据的优势,弥补传统监测手段的不足,对于我国城市应急管理部门高效应对洪水风险具有重要意义。

Social media data,as a type of spatiotemporal meta data,possesses real-time and location-based characteristics,and has been widely utilized in flood risk management abroad in recent years.However,the research on this data type in flood risk management in China is less,and related applications are limited.Through reviewing the research on flood disasters based on social media data both domestically and internationally,this paper explores methods for extracting and analyzing flood risk information.It also identifies directions for applying this information in flood risk management,including flood disaster monitoring and early warning,spatiotemporal distribution of disasters situation,sentiment analysis,response behavior analysis,disaster relief deployment,and damage assessment.Social media data has the advantages such as real-time updates,diverse data types,and visual representation,but it also faces challenges such as limited quality and accuracy,excessive false information,limitations in user groups,and cultural differences.Harnessing the strengths of social media data while addressing the shortcomings of traditional monitoring methods is of paramount importance for urban emergency management departments in China to efficiently respond to flood disaster risks.