高黎贡山某公路隧道施工对地下水及地表植被的影响研究

Study on the Influence of a Tunnel Construction on Groundwater and Surface Plant in Gaoligong Mountain

横断山南段高黎贡山国家级自然保护区水文地质条件复杂,为研究此区域某公路隧道掘进对地下水环境和地表植被的影响,在隧址区工程地质勘察和自然植被垂直分布、植物多样性调查的基础上,采用地下水动力学法计算出隧道施工地下水影响半径、最大和正常涌水量,据此分析隧道涌水造成的漏失对地下水环境、高黎贡山自然保护区植被生长及植物多样性的影响。结果表明:1)隧道施工对隧址区局部和个别泉点水量减小的风险较大,间接影响其补水区域地表植被生长,但不会引起大范围区域地下水位下降;2)通过类比分析得出隧道施工不会影响到顶部地表浅层包气带,对顶部植被优势群系非耗水植物影响小。根据研究结果提出了隧道涌水预判、封堵、利用及生态监测等环境保护措施建议,可作为隧道施工过程中地下水和生态环境保护的依据。

The hydrogeological conditions of Gaoligong National Natural Reserve in the southern Hengduan Mountains region are complex,in order to study the impact of the highway tunnel excavation on groundwater environment and surface vegetation in this area,the influence radius of groundwater,maximum and normal water inflow during tunnel construction are calculated by groundwater dynamics method.On the basis of geological survey,vertical distribution of natural vegetation and plant diversity in the tunnel area.the impact of leakage caused by tunnel water inflow on groundwater environment,vegetation growth,and plant diversity in nature reserve of Gaoligong natural reserve is analyzed.The results show that:1)There is a greater risk of water reduction in local and individual spring points during tunnel cpnstruction,the growth of surface vegetation in the water replenishment area will be affected indirectly,but no large-scale decrease in groundwater levels will be caused;2)By analogy analysis,it can be concluded that tunnel construction will not affect the shallow aeration zone on the top surface,with little impact on non-water consuming plants in the dominant formation of top vegetation;3)Based on the analysis results,suggestions for environmental protection measures such as tunnel water inflow prediction,sealing,utilization,and ecological monitoring were proposed,which can be used as the basis for groundwater and ecological environment protection during tunnel construction.