《御选唐宋诗醇》对白居易诗歌“诗史”价值的重新审视

Reflections on the“poetry as history”value of Bai Juyi's poems in the Choice Poetry of Tang and Song

作为受清高宗敕令编修的大型唐宋诗歌选集,《御选唐宋诗醇》一反清初盛行的贬白风气,予以白居易诗歌极高的评价。选评者不仅通过强调白诗的史笔之实和立意之正,首次将白诗纳入“诗史”的评价传统,更是给予白诗上承魏晋盛唐、下启苏陆的诗史定位,首倡白居易为唐诗第三家。虽然就质量而言,《御选唐宋诗醇》评语良莠混杂,部分有生搬硬套、言过其实之嫌;但其对于白诗所作出的许多结论性评价,以及评析中所采用的诸多新视角新方法,在其后的诗坛中均得到了广泛回应并影响至今。可以说,作为链接清初持“神韵”说者大肆贬白与中晚持“性灵”说者不吝褒白两阶段之间的关键选本,《御选唐宋诗醇》在清代白诗接受史上有着态度转折之关捩作用。

As a comprehensive poetry anthology authorized by Emperor Qianlong,contrary to the prevailing denigration of Bai Juyi,Choice poetry of Tang and Song speaks highly of his poetry.The editor emphasizes the truth and intentions of his poems,first uses the conception of“poetry as history”to evaluate Bai's works,initiating Bai Juyi as the third poet of Tang poetry.Although some comments in Choice poetry of Tang and Song are mechanically copyist and exaggerated.Still,some of it's concluding comments on Bai's poems have been widely responded and influenced to this day.As a key selection between the early Qing Dynasty which commonly denigrated Bai's works and the middle Qing Dynasty which preferred praise Bai's works,Choice poetry of Tang and Song plays an extremely important role in the acceptance of Bai's poetry in the Qing Dynasty.