及物性视角下生态语篇中的中西方国家形象建构对比研究

A contrastive study of the construction of the national images of China and western countries in ecological discourse from the perspective of transitivity

国家形象能够体现一个国家的“软实力”。以往语言学界主要从批评话语分析、认知语言学、社会语言学等视角研究国家形象的建构,所选语料多为政治、新闻和演讲语篇,鲜有学者通过功能语言学的及物性过程视角研究生态语篇中国家形象的建构。本文通过对《瑞典环保公主,该减减你的碳排放了》中的小句的及物性过程类型和参与者进行划分,发现该语篇表面在敦促“环保公主”个人减少碳排放,实际上通过聚焦中国和西方发达国家对环保的做法和态度建构了对待环境问题时的中西方国家形象。语篇中的物质过程、关系过程、心理过程、言语过程和存在过程揭示了西方发达国家缺乏环保意识以及空喊环保口号的行为,建构了其消极负面的环保形式主义者形象。另一方面,及物性过程也展现了中国高度重视环保的态度,建构了中国积极正面的环保大国形象。

National image can reflect a country's“soft power”.In the field of linguistics,a multitude of studies of national image have been done from the perspectives of critical discourse analysis,cognitive linguistics,sociolinguistics,which mainly take political discourse,news discourse and speeches as corpora.There has been little research about the construction of national image in ecological discourse from the perspective of transitivity process in functional linguistics.By analyzing the types of transitivity processes and the participants of clauses in the ecological discourse Greta Thunberg,Reduce your Carbon Emissions,this study finds that the discourse seems to urge Greta Thunberg to reduce her own carbon emissions,but in fact constructs the image of China and western developed countries when dealing with environmental issues by focusing on their practices and attitudes towards environmental protection.The analysis of transitivity processes reveals that western developed countries lack environmental awareness and advocate environmental protection without doing anything effective,and a negative image of formalists has been constructed.On the other hand,the transitivity processes also show that China attaches great importance to environmental protection and construct a positive image of China as a great environment-friendly country.