盛宣怀与江南绅商的联合救济事业探析——以天津广仁堂和上海广仁堂为例

An exploration of the joint relief business of Sheng Xuanhuai and the gentry merchants of Jiangnan Taking Tianjin Guangren Tang and Shanghai Guangren Tang as examples

清末民初,中国社会进入转型期,慈善事业也开始迈入新阶段。在开展救济的过程中,以盛宣怀为首的一批有志之士不断拓宽救济范围,逐渐突破传统善堂的局限。为了更好地缓解灾民之苦,盛宣怀与江南绅商在慈善救济上的合作程度逐渐加深,共同创办一系列慈善机构。天津广仁堂和上海广仁堂是盛宣怀和江南绅商联合救济事业的典型,二者的管理运作模式与传统善堂相比,有很大突破,深刻烙印着“南人”办事的色彩,开办模式既影响了同时代的慈善机构,也为传统善堂向近代新型慈善机构转变提供了借鉴。

At the end of the Qing Dynasty and the early Republic of China,Chinese society entered a period of transition,and philanthropy also began a new stage.In the process of relief work,a group of aspirants,led by Sheng Xuanhuai,continued to broaden the scope of relief and gradually broke through the limitations of traditional charitable halls.In order to better alleviate the suffering of the victims,Sheng Xuanhuai and the gentry of Jiangnan gradually deepened their cooperation in charity relief and jointly established a series of charitable institutions.Tianjin Guangren Hall and Shanghai Guangren Hall were typical of the joint relief work of Sheng Xuanhuai and Jiangnan merchants.Compared with traditional halls,the management and operation mode of both of them was a great breakthrough,with the character of“southerners”.The mode of operation not only influenced contemporaneous charities,but also provided a reference for the transformation of traditional halls into new charities in modern times.