冲击地压煤层如何实现安全高效智能开采

How to realize safe-efficient-intelligent mining of rock burst coal seam

冲击地压煤层如何实现安全高效智能开采是一项重大的产业技术难题,系统分析了我国冲击地压矿井分布特征、开采现状及冲击地压发展趋势,深入剖析了冲击地压矿井面临的主要开采难题。从区域地应力监测反演、矿井开拓布局优化、煤柱尺寸优化、井上下联合卸压、置换充填开采、高层位离层注浆等方面,全面阐述了冲击地压矿井全生命周期防控技术发展现状。针对巷道冲击地压防治难题,研发了冲击地压巷道全巷协同智能自适应抗冲击支护技术与装备,利用吸能防冲液压支架实现了正常状态对巷道围岩进行强支护、冲击过程迅速让位吸能的效果,结合支架智能运移装置、支架监测预警系统及全巷协同自适应抗冲击支护智能设计方法,构建了冲击地压巷道智能化吸能支护防控体系。分析了采煤工作面智能开采系统防冲原理,提出通过对围岩采动应力、覆岩断裂结构等进行监测分析,基于三维地质模型、大数据算法等对冲击地压发生位置、概率进行预测预警,并通过智能开采系统对液压支架的支护姿态与支护力、采煤机割煤速度等进行智能联动控制,实现采煤工作面智能开采与冲击地压智能防治。从采场应力与覆岩结构智能监测、冲击地压灾害数据库构建、冲击地压灾害分类预测预警等方面,分析了冲击地压智能防控技术的研发重点,提出了煤矿冲击地压监测预警系统组成及总体架构。从顶层设计、关键技术、智能精准解危与效果评价等方面提出了我国煤矿冲击地压煤层实现安全高效智能开采的技术路径与研发方向。

How to realize safe and efficient intelligent mining of rock burst coal seam is an important industrial technical problem.This pa-per systematically analyzes the distribution characteristics,mining status and development trend of rock burst mine in China,and deeply analyzes the main mining problems faced by rock burst mine.From the aspects of regional ground stress monitoring and inversion,mine development layout optimization,coal pillar size optimization,combined depressurization up and down well,displacement and filling min-ing,separated layer grouting,etc.,the development status of rock burst mine life cycle prevention and control technology is described.In view of the difficult problem of roadway rock burst prevention and control,the collaborative intelligent adaptive anti-impact support tech-nology and equipment for all roadways with rock burst are developed.The energy absorption anti-impact hydraulic support is used to achieve the effect of strong support for roadway surrounding rock under normal condition and rapid displacement and energy absorption during the impact process.Based on intelligent migration device of support,monitoring and warning system of support and intelligent design method of all roadway collaborative adaptive anti-impact support,the prevention and control system of intelligent energy absorp-tion support of roadway under rock burst is constructed.This paper analyzes the anti-shock principle of the intelligent mining system of coal face,proposes to predict and warn the location and probability of rock burst by monitoring and analyzing the mining stress of sur-rounding rock and the fracture structure of overlying rock,based on 3D geological model and big data algorithm,etc.,and carry out intelli-gent linkage control on the supporting posture and supporting force of hydraulic support and the cutting speed of shearer through the intel-ligent mining system.Realize the intelligent mining of coal face and the intelligent prevention and control of rock burst.From the aspects of intelligent monitoring of stope stress and overburden structure,construction of rock burst disaster database,classification prediction and early warning of rock burst disaster,this paper analyzes the research and development focus of intelligent rock burst prevention and con-trol technology,and puts forward the composition and overall structure of mine rock burst monitoring and early warning system.From the aspects of top-level design,key technology,intelligent and accurate crisis relief and effect evaluation,the technical path and research and development direction of realizing safe and efficient intelligent mining of coal seam with rock burst in China are put forward.