多颗恒牙迟萌的病因学研究进展

Research progress on the etiology of the delayed eruption of multiple permanent teeth

恒牙迟萌是指恒牙萌出时间显著晚于正常萌出期的现象,不仅可引起患儿错(牙合)畸形,还可进一步影响患儿的咀嚼、发音功能与面容美观,严重时将损害患儿正常生长发育及心理健康,给家长带来负担。其发生以个别恒牙较常见,但部分患儿出现多颗恒牙迟萌。多颗恒牙迟萌病因复杂,除局部机械因素外,还可能与环境(如疾病、营养、感染、放射、药物)、遗传等因素具有相关性,本文就以上因素作一综述,以期为多颗恒牙迟萌的病因学研究及临床诊断提供思路。

The delayed eruption of permanent teeth refers to the phenomenon wherein the eruption time of permanent teeth is significantly later than the normal eruption period,which can not only cause malocclusion in children,but also affect the chewing,pronunciation,and facial appearance of children,thereby causing damage to the normal growth and mental health of children as well as a burden on parents when the damage is serious.This phenomenon is common in several permanent teeth,but some children suffer from this occurrence in multiple permanent teeth.The causes of the delayed eruption of multiple permanent teeth are complex.Apart from local mechanical factors,such causes may be related to environmental(diseases,nutrition,infection,radiation,drugs,etc.),genetics,and other factors.Thus,this article reviews the abovementioned factors to provide ideas for follow-up etiological research and clinical diagnosis.