机械应力下初级纤毛在骨和颞下颌关节软骨改建中力学感知作用的研究进展

Research progress of primary cilia in bone remodelling and reconstruction of temporomandibular joint cartilage under mechanical stress

正畸治疗过程中的牙齿移动和颞下颌关节改建与生物力学息息相关,涉及到机械力作用下的骨重塑和软骨内稳态的维持。初级纤毛作为机械感受器,广泛存在于间充质干细胞、成骨细胞、骨细胞、软骨细胞等细胞表面,在机械应力下通过转导多种信号通路促进间充质干细胞的成骨向分化,维持成骨细胞的机械敏感性,促进骨基质的沉积,上调骨细胞的功能活动,间接调节破骨细胞的活性,促进软骨细胞的增殖分化及软骨内骨化等,在骨-软骨组织改建中发挥重要作用。本文对初级纤毛在机械应力下的牙槽骨改建和颞下颌关节软骨改建中的作用及相关分子机制的研究进展进行综述,为深入探讨正畸过程中骨和软骨组织的改建机制提供参考。

Tooth movement and temporomandibular joint remodelling during orthodontic treatment are typical biomechanical processes that involve bone remodelling and maintenance of cartilage homeostasis.Primary cilia are mechanoreceptors that widely exist on the surface of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs),osteoblasts,osteocytes,chondrocytes,and other cells.Under mechanical stress,primary cilia could promote the osteogenic differentiation of MSCs and maintain the mechanical sensitivity of osteoblasts.Primary cilia could also promote the deposition of the bone matrix,upregulate the functional activity of osteocytes,and indirectly regulate the activity of osteoclasts.They promote the proliferation,differentiation,and endochondral ossification of chondrocytes by transducing multiple signalling pathways and thus play an important role in bonecartilage tissue remodelling.This article aims to review the research progress of primary cilia in alveolar bone remodelling and reconstruction of temporomandibular joint cartilage.Relevant molecular mechanisms are discussed.This work provides a reference to further explore the mechanisms of bone and cartilage tissue remodelling during orthodontic treatment.