科技创新、效率测度与政策检验:基于30个省(区、市)“双创”政策的评估实践

Scientific and Technological Innovation,Efficiency Measurement and Policy Testing:Based on the Evaluation Practice of"Mass Entrepreneurship and Innovation"Policies in 30 Provinces

【目的】科学评估中国30个省(区、市)的创新创业政策执行效果,解析当前创新创业发展现状并提出优化建议,对推动创新创业高质量发展具有重要意义。【方法】本研究以时间视域选择我国30个省(区、市)2016—2020年的创新创业政策数据,构建基于投入和产出的创新创业政策执行效果评价指标体系,用三阶段DEA模型和Tobit模型分别分析各省级政府创新创业政策的执行效果及其影响因素。【结果】实证结果表明:5年内创新创业政策执行达到综合有效的省份呈起伏状态,多数省份未达到技术有效和规模有效,整体上创新创业政策落实效果较差,政策执行仍有较大的提升空间;剔除环境变量和随机干扰项后,发现政策宣传和外商投资会对创新创业政策执行产生投入冗余;各省份创新创业政策执行效果较差的主要原因是规模效率水平较低和区域差异较大,通过分析各影响因素作用方向与程度差异,发现地区经济发展水平、政策宣传力度和科技创新支撑能力显著影响创新创业政策的执行效果。【结论】根据研究结果,从完善创新政策体系,搭建创业政策平台;调整地区产业规模,提高创新规模效益;平衡区域创新发展,东中西部地区协调并进;夯实创新制度基础,完善政策激励机制等方面为提升我国创新创业政策执行效果提供建议。

[Purposes]It is of great significance to promote high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship by means of scientifically evaluating the implementation effect of innovation and entrepreneurship policies in 30 provinces of China,analyzing the current development status of innovation and entrepreneurship,and putting forward optimization suggestions.[Methods]This paper selects the data of innovation and entrepreneurship policies of 30 provinces in China from 2016 to 2020 from a time perspective,constructs an evaluation index system of innovation and entrepreneurship policy implementation effects based on input and output,and analyzes the implementation effects and influencing factors of innovation and entrepreneurship policies of provincial governments by using three-stage DEA model and Tobit model.[Findings]The empirical results show that the number of provinces with comprehensive and effective implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship policies in the past five years are fluctuating,and most provinces have not achieved technological and scale effectiveness.On the whole,the implementation effect of innovation and entrepreneurship policies is poor,and there is still a large space for improvement of policy implementation.After excluding environmental variables and random variables,it is found that policy publicity and foreign investment will produce input redundancy for the implementation of innovation and entrepreneurship policies.The main reasons for the poor implementation effect of provincial innovation and entrepreneurship policies are the low level of scale efficiency and the large regional differences.By analyzing the difference in the direction and degree of each influencing factor,it is found that the level of regional economic development,policy publicity and scientific and technological innovation support ability significantly affect the implementation effect of innovation and entrepreneurship policies.[Conclusions]According to the research results,it is recommended to make efforts from different aspects to provide suggestions for improving the implementation effect of China's innovation and entrepreneurship policy,such as improving the innovation policy system and building an entrepreneurial policy platform;adjusting the scale of regional industries and improving the scale efficiency of innovation;balancing regional innovation and development,and coordinating the eastern,central and western regions;consolidating the foundation of innovation system,and improving the policy incentive mechanism.