寺河煤矿爆破卸压无煤柱沿空留巷技术研究

Research on the Technology of Retaining Roadway Along Goaf Without Coal Pillars for Blasting and Pressure Relief in Sihe Coal Mine

针对寺河煤矿沿空留巷中存在的采高大、推进速度快、爆破效率低的工程难点,研究快速爆破卸压无煤柱沿空留巷技术,设计了以聚能管为载体的快速装药工艺和以无机爆破封孔材料、封孔囊袋、封孔设备为主体的快速灌浆封孔工艺,设计了混凝土机械化泵送充填工艺,进行了现场试验和效果考察。结果表明:快速装药工艺通过孔外制作聚能药包、整体送入的方式,单孔装药时间12 min,为传统方式的30%,快速灌浆封孔工艺替代炮泥封孔,实现了封孔作业机械化,单孔封孔时间4~5 min,为传统炮泥封孔方式的10%,冲孔率<0.2%,远小于炮泥封孔方式的5%,实现了快速定向聚能爆破,混凝土墙体维护良好,留巷两帮移近量约130 mm,顶板下沉量约80 mm,底鼓量约200 mm,工作面后方250 m以后基本稳定。

In view of the engineering difficulties of large mining height,fast advancement speed,and low blasting efficiency in the retaining roadway along goaf of Sihe Coal Mine,the technlolgy of retaining roadway along goaf without coal pillars for rapid blasting pressure relief is studied.A rapid charging process using energy gathering tubes as carriers and a rapid grouting hole sealing process mainly using inorganic blasting hole sealing materials,hole sealing pouches,and hole sealing equipments are designed.A mechanized pumping and filling process for concrete is designed,and onsite experiments and effectiveness inspections are conducted.The results show that the rapid charging process uses the method of producing shaped charges outside the hole and delivering them as a whole,the single hole charging time is 12 minutes,which is 30%of the traditional method,the rapid grouting hole sealing process replaces the cannon mud sealing hole,achieving mechanization of the hole sealing operation.The hole sealing time of single hole is 4-5 minutes,which is 10%of the traditional cannon mud sealing hole mode.The hole punching rate is less than 0.2%,which is much less than 5%of the cannon mud sealing hole mode,and achieving rapid directional energy gathering blasting,the concrete wall is well maintained,with a displacement amount of about 130 mm between the two sides of the retaining roadway,a subsidence amount of about 80 mm on the roof,and a bottom drum volume of about 200 mm.After 250 m behind the working face,it is basically stable.