基于夜光遥感数据的广西县域农村多维脱贫分析

Analyzing multidimensional rural poverty alleviation at the county level in Guangxi based on remote sensing data of nighttime light

巩固脱贫攻坚成果,衔接乡村振兴战略,防止返贫是我国目前经济建设的重要任务。2022年中央农村工作会议重点强调了要“坚决守住不发生规模性返贫底线”。在多维贫困的基础上,动态客观地监测县域农村贫困程度的时空演变,对国家防返贫工作十分重要。随着遥感卫星的快速发展,高信息量和高质量的遥感数据影像逐渐丰富并被广泛应用,相比于传统的统计类数据,夜光遥感数据具有与社会经济要素高度相关、相对客观性强和时间跨度相对较长等优点。该文以DMSP/OLS和NPP/VIIRS夜光遥感数据为基础,提取夜间灯光强度指数,结合多维脱贫指数构建两者关系模型,对2010—2020年广西县域农村贫困程度进行时空演变研究,分析存在的返贫原因,为乡村振兴和脱贫攻坚提供科学参考和预防措施。

A vital task for the current economic construction of China is to consolidate poverty alleviation achievements,implement rural revitalization strategies,and prevent poverty relapse.The 2022 Central Rural Work Conference emphasized that China must firmly prevent any large-scale relapse into poverty.The multidimensional poverty theory underlines the significant role of the dynamic and objective monitoring of the spatio-temporal evolution of rural poverty at the county level in China’s poverty-returning prevention.Rapid progress in remote sensing satellites has enabled the gradual enrichment and extensive application of high-quality remote sensing images that contain massive information.Compared to traditional statistical data,the remote sensing data of nighttime light exhibit a high correlation with socio-economic factors,pronounced objectivity,and a relatively long time span.This study constructed a model to describe the relationship between the nighttime light intensity index extracted from the DMSP/OLS and NPP/VIIRS remote sensing data,as well as the multidimensional poverty alleviation index.Using this model,this study explored the spatio-temporal evolution of rural poverty at the county level in Guangxi from 2010 to 2020 and analyzed the existing poverty-returning causes,providing a scientific reference and preventive measures for rural revitalization and poverty alleviation.