金源故都:金上京遗址的考古实践和认识

Ancient Capital of Jin Dynasty:Archaeological Practice and Findings on the Site of the Upper Capital of Jin Dynasty

作为金王朝的早期都城,金上京城形制独特,和前后不同时期的多个都城的营建存在联系。从平面形状看,金上京城和辽上京城颇为一致,显然是继承了辽上京城的特征;同时金上京城的建造,还仿照北宋都城汴京城的建筑形制,皇城布局与汴京城基本相同。从整体布局和特点来看,金上京和金中都也存在内在联系,反映了女真人及其建立的金王朝从早期开始即积极汲取中原文化精华,体现了女真民族逐步汉化和金王朝集权统治逐步加强巩固的发展进程。因此,对金上京遗址开展的考古工作及综合研究,对于研究金代建筑形制、布局设计以及统一多民族国家和中华民族共同体的形成与发展具有重要的学术价值和历史意义。

The Upper Capital of the Jin Dynasty served as the early capital of the Jin Dynasty,displaying a distinctive design reminiscent of other closely preceding and succeeding capital cities.Its planar configuration bears similarities to the Upper Capital of the Liao Dynasty,suggesting an inheritance of certain characteristics.Notably,during the construction of the Upper Capital of the Jin Dynasty,architectural designs from Bianjing City,the capital of the NorthernSong Dynasty,were incorporated,resulting in a layout closely mirroring that of Bianjing City.A comparative analysis of its overall arrangement and features with Zhongdu,the Central Capital of the Jin Dynasty,reveals a close relationship.This underscores the proactive assimilation of Chinese cultural essence by the Jurchen people since the early Jin Dynasty,reflecting the historical process of the Sinicization of the Jurchen people and the gradual strengthening of centralized rule within the Jin Dynasty.Therefore,the archaeological work and comprehensive research conducted on the Site of the Upper Capital of the Jin Dynasty hold significant academic and historical importance.They contribute to our understanding of the architectural forms and layout designs of the Jin Dynasty and shed light on the formation and development of China as a unified multi-ethnic state and a community for the Chinese nation.