低真空管道列车关键气动问题研究进展

Progresses in key aerodynamic problems of low-vacuum tube trains

低真空管道列车系统结合应用了管道运输和磁浮推进技术,是一种颇具潜力的未来地面高速交通方式。列车在极狭长的管道空间内长距离往返,通常诱发以管内壅塞现象为主导的大尺度跨声速流动和多车干扰,导致气动阻力急剧增加和气动热环境恶化,从而面临突出的空气动力学问题。本文从管道全场和列车近场两个视角出发,对管道列车流动特征进行了总结,并对近年来国内外该领域气动力/热/噪声研究的进展进行了梳理。在此基础上,围绕管道列车全线多车运行热点问题,对运行速度、管道阻塞比、发车间隔、运行模式的选取进行了讨论。最后,展望了低真空管道列车气动研究领域未来发展方向,指出高效研究方法、多车运行流动干扰、多车运行气动热、长大管道气动噪声、减阻/降热/降噪技术等是今后需要重点研究的领域。

Even though maglev trains in low-vacuum tubes have demonstrated outstanding potential for future high-speed ground transport,several unresolved critical aerodynamic problems hinder their practical application.A high-speed tube train in a confined space usually results in choked flow fields that dramatically increase drag,surface heat flux,and noise.The aerodynamic problems become highly complicated when several high-speed trains operate in a tube due to flow field interference.The present study first summarizes the characteristics of tube train flow fields from near-and full-field perspectives and provides criteria for choosing operating speed,blockage ratio,departure interval,and operating mode.Moreover,the future development directions of tube train aerodynamics are prospected based on the review of the progress of the aerodynamic research and current research hot topics about the full-course operation.Based on the above overview,emphases should be directed toward developing reliable analyzing methods to investigate thermal and acoustic fields,especially when aerodynamic interference is present,and efficient strategies to reduce drag,surface heat flux,and noise.