国家公园导览地图表达要素及其启示——以美国、加拿大为例

Expression elements and insights in national park guide maps:a case study of the United States of America and Canada

【目的】当今国内外国家公园管理与建设日益成熟,有关地图理论研究也较为丰富,但有关国家公园导览地图绘制研究仍较少,旨在从表达要素层面完善国家公园导览地图的绘制理论体系。【方法】研究数据来源于美国国家公园管理局和加拿大公园管理局共73个国家公园导览地图,通过总结地图符号学理论,将表达要素分为文字要素、图像要素、地图图形要素3大类与8小类,并运用频率统计与二元Logistic回归法进行数据分析。【结果】研究结果显示,美国国家公园导览地图中“文字注记”“具象符号”“线状符号”和“面状符号”出现的频率为100%,加拿大国家公园导览地图中“文字注记”和“面状符号”频率同样为100%,“线状图形”和“具象图像”也显示出相对较高的频率。同时,“文字注记”与“具象图像”对于国家公园导览地图具有显著相关性。【结论】通过对美国与加拿大国家公园导览地图分析,提出了表达要素的分类方法,为我国国家公园导览地图绘制提供了理论依据与应用方法,有助于提高国家公园导览地图的信息传达效率和准确性,对于国家公园的管理、保护和游憩活动规划提供了重要参考。

【Objectives】As the management and construction of national parks domestically and internationally have become increasingly mature,and the study of map theory becomes more extensive,research on the creation of national park guide maps remains limited.This study aimed to refine the theoretical framework for the creation of national park guide maps from the perspective of expression elements.【Methods】The research data was derived from 73 national park guide maps provided by the United States National Park Service and Parks Canada.By summarizing theories in map semiotics,expression elements were categorized into three main types:Textual Elements,Graphic Elements,and Map Graphic Elements,further subdivided into eight subcategories.The study employed frequency statistics and binary logistic regression analysis for data examination.【Results】The findings revealed that Text Annotations,Concrete Symbols,Line Symbols,and Area Symbols appeared in 100%of the guide maps for U.S.national parks,indicating their universal presence across all American park maps.In Canadian national park guide maps,Text Annotations and Area Symbols also showed a frequency of 100%,with Line graphics and Concrete Images showing relatively high frequencies.Additionally,Text Annotations and Concrete Images were found to have significant correlations with the guide maps of national parks.【Conclusions】Through the analysis of guide maps from U.S.and Canadian national parks,a classification method for expression elements was proposed.This method provided a theoretical basis and practical approach for the creation of national park guide maps in China,aiding in enhancing the efficiency and accuracy of information conveyed in national park guide maps.This study presented important references for the management,conservation,and recreational activity planning of national parks.