重复经颅直流电刺激对高强度跳跃运动抗疲劳能力的影响

Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Anti-Fatigue Capacity in High-Intensity Jumping Exercise

目的:探究重复经颅直流电刺激对普通大学生在连续纵跳运动中抗疲劳能力、力量输出、肌肉激活特征的影响。方法:30名健康男性大学生被随机分为阳极刺激组和假刺激组,进行连续5天共10次的重复经颅直流电刺激或假刺激,刺激脑区为初级运动皮层。在刺激前、刺激后、刺激后1个月进行连续纵跳测试。采用双因素重复测量方差分析(刺激条件×时间)比较两种刺激前后连续纵跳测试中疲劳系数、总跳跃高度、下肢刚度及肌肉激活程度等指标的差异。结果:阳极刺激组的疲劳系数显著低于假刺激组(P<0.05);连续纵跳的总跳跃高度在阳极刺激后显著高于刺激前(P<0.05);假刺激组中,刺激后(P<0.05)和刺激后1个月(P<0.05)连续纵跳周期中的触地时间的增长速度显著高于刺激前。阳极刺激组连续纵跳最后时刻测得的下肢刚度显著高于假刺激组(P<0.05)。阳极刺激后,连续纵跳最后时刻纵跳周期离心阶段股直肌的激活程度显著高于刺激前(P<0.05)。平均功率、测试后即刻主观疲劳量表等指标在刺激前后没有显著性差异。结论:连续5天共10次经颅直流电刺激可以提高高强度跳跃类运动中神经肌肉激活程度,从而减缓疲劳造成的运动能力下降。

Objective To explore the effect of repetitive transcranial direct current stimulation(tDCS)on antifatigue capacity,power output,and muscle activation during continuous vertical jumps of average undergraduates.Methods Thirty healthy male college students were randomly assigned to an anodal tDCS(a-tDCS)group and a sham tDCS(sham-tDCS)group,receiving a total of 10 repeated anodal tDCS and sham tDCS for 5 consecutive days on the primary motor cortex respectively.Before and right after the intervention,as well as one month after the intervention,all students underwent the continuous vertical jump test.The two-factor repeated measure ANOVA(stimulation condition×time)was employed to evaluate alterations in fatigue index,total jump height,lower limb stiffness and muscle activation characteristics.Results The fatigue index of the a-tDCS group was significantly lower than the sham-tDCS group(P<0.05).After a-tDCS,the total jump height was significantly higher than before(P<0.05).In the sham-tDCS group,the touchdown time during continuous vertical jumps increased more significantly right and a month after the intervention(P<0.05 for both).Moreover,lower limb stiffness of the a-tDCS group at the last moment of the continuous vertical jumps was significantly higher than the sham-tDCS group(P<0.05).After a-tDCS,the activation of the rectus femoris muscle increased significantly in the eccentric phase of the end of the test(P<0.05).However,no significant differences were found in the mean power and post-test rating of perceived exertion after the stimulation.Conclusion Ten sessions of tDCS conducted over five consecutive days demonstrates an enhancement in neuromuscular activation during high-intensity jumping exercise.This observed augmentation contributes to attenuating the decline in exercise capacity associated with fatigue.