不同施硒浓度和施硒时间对‘晚黄油’桃硒含量及品质的影响

Effects of Different Selenium Concentrations and Application Times on Selenium Content andQuality of ‘Wanhuangyou’ Peach

【目的】使用纳米有机硒作为施硒肥料,研究不同施硒浓度和施硒时期对桃果实品质和硒含量的影响,为桃树的富硒栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以桃树品种‘晚黄油’为试材,选取纳米有机硒肥,分别进行了不同时期桃树施硒试验(在‘晚黄油’第1次膨大期、硬核期和第2次膨大期施入)和桃树同一时期不同施硒浓度试验(设置20 mg·L-1、40 mg·L-1和60 mg·L-13个浓度),在桃果成熟期测定果实单果质量、纵横径、硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数、酸度、含硒量。【结果】在‘晚黄油’第1次膨大期喷施浓度为40 mg·L-1的纳米有机硒肥效果最佳,桃果的硒含量可达0.037 mg·kg-1;此外,在桃果第2次膨大期喷施浓度为60 mg·L-1的纳米有机硒肥,桃果的硒含量也可达0.037 mg·kg-1,且桃果实中维生素C含量增加了33.6%;施用纳米有机硒对桃果的单果质量、横纵径、硬度、酸度和可溶性固形物质量分数没有明显影响;桃果实的维生素C含量与硒含量有着一定的联系。【结论】建议在桃树的生产中采用浓度为60 mg·L-1的纳米有机硒肥,在第2次膨大期进行3次喷施,各次间隔10 d。

【Objective】Using nano-organic selenium as selenium fertilizer,the effects of different selenium concentrations and selenium application periods on the quality and selenium content of peach were studied to provide reference for selenium-rich cultivation of peach trees.【Methods】Taking the‘Wanhuangyou’peach as the test material,the nano-organic selenium fertilizer was selected,and the selenium application test of peach in different periods(in the first expansion period,hard core period and second expansion period of‘Wanhuangyou’)and the different selenium concentration test of peach in the same period(setting three concentrations of 20 mg·L-1,40 mg·L-1 and 60 mg·L-1)were carried out,The single fruit weight,vertical and horizontal diameter,hardness,soluble solids mass fraction,acidity and selenium content of peach fruit were measured at the mature stage of peach fruit.【Results】The effect of spraying nano-organic selenium fertilizer with a concentration of 40 mg·L-1 during the first expansion period of‘Wanhuangyou’was the best,and the selenium content of peach could reach 0.037 mg·kg-1.In addition,spraying 60 mg·L-1 nano-organic selenium fertilizer at the second expansion stage of peach,the selenium content of peach could reach 0.037 mg·kg-1,and the vitamin C content in peach increased by 33.6%.The application of nano-organic selenium had no significant effect on the single fruit weight,transverse and longitudinal diameter,hardness,acidity and soluble solids content of peach.There is a certain relationship between vitamin C content and selenium content in peach.【Conclusion】It is suggested that nano-organic selenium fertilizer with a concentration of 60 mg·L-1 should be used in the production of peach and sprayed three times during the second expansion period.