“三合一”病虫害绿色防控技术对免套袋苹果叶片生长、果实品质及农药残留的影响

Effect of ‘Three in One’ Diseases and Pests Green Prevention and Control Technology onLeaf Growth, Fruit Quality, and Pesticide Residues of Bagless Apple

【目的】比较分析“三合一”免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控效果。【方法】进行免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控试验,比较其与常规病虫害化学防治方法对苹果叶片生长、果面色度、单果质量、果实品质、病虫为害率及农药残留的影响。【结果】与对照相比,处理1、处理2均不影响苹果果面色度。处理1对果个大小影响显著,横径比对照1高出4.892 mm;对苹果单果质量、可溶性固形物质量分数均影响极显著,分别比对照1高出61.430 g、1.875%。处理2对叶片生长影响显著,百叶厚、百叶鲜重、百叶干重分别比对照2高出10.88 mm、16.44 g、6.80 g。处理1、处理2均对病虫为害率影响显著,与对照相比病叶率分别降低26.09%、31.03%,虫叶率分别降低76.74%、51.61%。试验所用“三合一”病虫害绿色防控方法可减少化学农药使用5次、减少使用量40.34%,显著促进红嘎拉苹果叶片生长、降低病虫害对红富士和红嘎拉苹果的为害率,明显促进红富士苹果果实生长、提高果品品质,实现红富士苹果的农药无残留生产。【结论】“三合一”免套袋苹果病虫害绿色防控技术可有效实现绿色果品生产,应用前景非常好。

【Objective】The effect of the Green Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests of‘three in one’bagless apple was compared and analyzed.【Methods】The green prevention and control test of diseases and insect pests of bagless apple was carried out,and compared it with the effects of conventional diseases and insect pests chemical control methods on leaf growth,fruit surface chroma,single fruit weight,fruit quality,harm rate of diseases and insect pests and pesticide residues.【Results】Compared with the control,treatment 1 and treatment 2 all did not affect the surface color of apple fruit.Treatment 1 had a significant effect on fruit size,and the transverse diameter was 4.892 mm higher than that of control 1;I had very significant effect on the single fruit weight and soluble solids content of apple,which were 61.430 g and 1.875%higher than that of control 1,respectively.Treatment 2 had a significant effect on leaf growth,and the thickness of the louvers,the fresh weight of the louver and the dry weight of the louver were 10.88 mm,16.44 g and 6.80 g higher than those of control 2,respectively.Treatment1 and treatment 2 had all significant effects on the harm rate of diseases and insect pests,and compared with the control,the rate of diseased leaves decreased by 26.09%and 31.03%,respectively,and the rate of insect leaves decreased by 76.74%and 51.61%,respectively.The green prevention and control method of‘three in one’pests and diseases used in the experiment can reduce the use of chemical pesticides for 5 times and reduce the use of 40.34%,significantly promote the growth of Red Gala apple leaves,reduce the damage rate of pests and diseases to Red Fuji and Red Gala apple,very significantly promote the growth of Red Fuji apple fruit,improve fruit quality,and realize the pesticide residue-free production of Red Fuji apple.【Conclusion】Green prevention and control technique of diseases and insect pests of‘three in one’bagless apple can effectively realize green fruit productioning,and the application prospect is very good.