不同成熟期昭通苹果生产成本与收益对比分析

Comparison Analysis of Production Costs and Returns of Apples in Different Ripening Period in Zhaotong

【目的】通过对昭通地区苹果种植户生产投入和产出水平的调查和生产成本收益分析,研究不同苹果品种苹果的生产成本和产出收益,从而帮助果农了解资源投入与产出的关系,优化资源的配置,为昭通苹果产业政策、产业规划、科技政策等提供理论依据。【方法】对昭通市苹果种植户早、中、晚3个成熟期不同品种的生产成本、产量、收益和纯收入等进行实地调查和数据分析。【结果】不同成熟期昭通苹果栽培品种的生产成本和产出之间均存在显著差异,早中熟品种‘昭锦’的每亩(667 m2)生产总成本(5 297.33元)和人工成本(5 297.33元)均最高;晚熟富士每亩(667 m2)的物资成本(527.31元)和每亩(667 m2)平均产量(2 800.69 kg)均最高;中熟品种2001富士每亩(667 m2)的平均收益和纯收入均最高,分别为10 317.63元和7 306.36元,但与晚熟富士之间不存在显著差异。【结论】对现阶段收集的数据进行了线性回归分析,结果显示,苹果产量与收益之间有一定的线性关系,但由于调查的年份和数据可能不足,该阶段建立的模型还有待优化,需要进一步大量采集不同年份不同样地的数据,才能更有效为生产决策提供参考,指导昭通苹果产业的发展。

【Objective】Through the investigation of the production input and output level of apple growers in Zhaotong area and the analysis of production cost and return,the production cost and output return of different apple cultivars were studied,so as to help fruit growers understand the relationship between resource input and output,optimize the allocation of resources,and provide theoretical basis for Zhaotong apple industrial policy,industrial planning,science and technology policy and so on.【Methods】The production cost,yield,income and net income of different cultivars in early,middle and late maturity stages of apple growers in Zhaotong City were investigated and analyzed.【Results】There were significant differences in the production cost and output of Zhaotong apple cultivars at different maturity stages.The total production cost(CNY 5297.33)and labor cost(CNY 5297.33)per 667 m 2 of the early-medium maturing cultivar‘Zhaojin’were the highest.The material cost per mu(CNY 527.31)and the average yield per 667 m 2(2800.69 kg)of late-maturing Fuji were the highest.The average income and net income per 667 m 2 of medium-maturing Fuji 2001 were the highest,which were 10317.63 yuan and 7306.36 yuan,respectively,but there was no significant difference between medium-maturing Fuji 2001 and late-maturing Fuji.【Conclusion】The linear regression analysis of the data collected at the present stage showed that there was a certain linear relationship between apple yield and income.However,due to the lack of survey years and data,the model established at this stage still needs to be optimized.It is necessary to further collect a large number of data in different years and different places in order to provide more effective reference for production decision-making and guide the development of Zhaotong apple industry.