瓦利茨基和他的《俄国思想史》

Andrzej Walicki and His"A History of Russian Thought"

波兰历史学家瓦利茨基的《俄国思想史》对18世纪60年代至19世纪90年代的俄国思想发展过程进行了断代史扫描,对百余位俄国思想家进行了评述,其中包括拉季舍夫、恰达耶夫、别林斯基、彼得拉舍夫斯基、赫尔岑、车尔尼雪夫斯基、陀思妥耶夫斯基、托尔斯泰以及弗拉基米尔·索洛维约夫等,给出了一幅关于18世纪后期至19世纪末俄国思想史的全景图。作为一位波兰学者,瓦利茨基将俄苏文史哲学界和欧美斯拉夫学界的相关成果融为一炉,给出一部三位一体的俄国思想史。他对俄国思想及其历史发展中诸多悖论现象的捕捉和分析构成本书的亮点,对俄国思想史和俄国文学史的相互渗透也有精妙的把握。在瓦利茨基的思想史描述中,古代俄国与现代俄国、俄国与欧洲、俄国社会上层与下层之间的矛盾和对峙构成三大“该诅咒的问题”,俄国思想就像一只巨大的钟摆在两个极端之间来回摆动,官方与在野,保守与激进,精英与民众,不同的思想倾向既相互对峙,又相互转换,构成一道起伏跌宕、精彩纷呈的思想河流。这部《俄国思想史》在国际斯拉夫学界影响很大,被英美多所大学用作俄国史教科书,它不仅有助于我们理解俄国思想史,也有助于我们了解国外斯拉夫学界的俄国思想史阐释。

Polish historian Walicki's"A History of Russian Thought"examines the development of Russian thought from the 1760s to the 1890s and reviews more than a hundred Russian thinkers,including Radishev,Chataev,Belinsky,Petrashevsky,Herzen,Chernyshevsky,Dostoevsky,Tolstoy,and Vladimir Solovyov,giving a panoramic view of the history of Russian thought from the late 18th Century to the late 19th Century.As a Polish scholar,Walicki combined the relevant achievements of the Russian and Soviet academic circles,as well as the Slavic academic circles in Europe and America,and presented a trinity of Russian intellectual history.His discovery and analysis of many paradoxical phenomena in Russian thought and its historical development constitute the highlight of this book,and he also has a subtle grasp of the mutual infiltration between the history of Russian thought and the history of Russian literature.In Walicki's description,the contradictions and confrontations between ancient Russia and modern Russia,Russia and Europe,and the upper and lower classes of Russian society constitute three major"issues of the curse".Russian thought is like a huge pendulum swinging back and forth between two extremes.This book has had a great influence in the international Slavic academic community and has been used as a textbook for Russian history by many universities in the UK and the US.It not only helps us understand the history of Russian thought,but also helps us understand the interpretation of Russian thought history in the Slavic academic community abroad.